The value of vestibular graviceptive pathway evaluation in the diagnosis of unilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction

BackgroundEvaluation of vestibular graviceptive pathway (VGP) in patients with unilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction (UPVD) has received increasing attention from researchers. The study aimed to investigate the value of VGP evaluation in the diagnosis of UPVD. MethodsNinety-five UPVD patients were divided into attack and remission phase groups. VGP evaluation-related indicators, including subjective visual vertical (SVV), subjective visual horizontal (SVH), head tilt, ocular torsion (OT), and skew deviation (SD), were measured, and their correlations with cochleovestibular function test results were analyzed. The possible etiologies of contralesional VGP (c-VGP) were analyzed. ResultsPositive rates of SVV, SVH, OT, and SD were significantly higher, and the degrees of SVV, SVH, and OT were significantly greater in the attack phase group than the remission phase group. The sides with abnormal VGP evaluation results were correlated with the sides with hearing loss, abnormal caloric, and video head impulse test (vHIT) results. A total of 14 patients showed c-VGP, and possible etiologies included contralateral benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (n = 4), bilateral hearing loss (n = 8), bilateral vHIT gain reduction (n = 1), autoimmune diseases (n = 6), vascular risk factors (n = 6), lacunar infarction (n = 3), and endolymphatic hydrops (n = 3). ConclusionsAlterations in SVV, SVH, OT, and SD were noted in UPVD patients in different phases, which are presumed to be related to dynamic vestibular compensation; correlations between VGP evaluation results and cochleovestibular function test results indicate that VGP evaluation may be helpful for the diagnosis of the side affected in UPVD; the presence of c-VGP may be related to bilateral labyrinth lesions or endolymphatic hydrops on the affected side; and the involvement of autoimmune mechanisms also deserves attention.

Automated summary

The study investigates the value of vestibular graviceptive pathway (VGP) evaluation in the diagnosis of unilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction (UPVD) patients. Results show that alterations in subjective visual vertical (SVV), subjective visual horizontal (SVH), ocular torsion (OT), and skew deviation (SD) are related to dynamic vestibular compensation in UPVD patients. Correlations between VGP evaluation results and cochleovestibular function test results suggest that VGP evaluation is helpful for the diagnosis of the affected side in UPVD. The presence of contralesional VGP (c-VGP) may be associated with bilateral labyrinth lesions or endolymphatic hydrops on the affected side, and autoimmune mechanisms should also be considered.