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Article
Engineering, Civil
Bo Li et al.
Summary: This paper studies the optimal day-ahead scheduling of a battery swapping and charging system (BSCS) for electric vehicles (EVs) from the perspective of multiple decision makers. The paper proposes a bilevel model where the battery swapping operator (BSO) acts as the leader and the battery charging operator (BCO) acts as the follower. The problem is reformulated as a nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP) and a new heuristic based on the alternating direction method (ADM) is developed to efficiently solve the problem and provide close-to-optimal solutions.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yanchang Liang et al.
Summary: Battery swapping-charging systems (BSCSs) can provide better battery swapping services for electric vehicles (EVs) in large cities. This paper models the real-time optimization scheduling problem as a decentralized partially observable Markov decision process (Dec-POMDP) and solves it using multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL) algorithms. To address dynamic hard constraints, MADRL is combined with binary integer programming (BLP) to propose the VDN-BLP algorithm. Simulation results based on historical battery swapping data in Sanya City validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohamad Hasan Shaker et al.
Summary: This paper presents a framework for optimal planning of battery swapping stations (BSS) in centralized charging mode. In this mode, the batteries are charged at a central charging station (CCS). Then they will be distributed among BSSs. Moreover, there is no charging equipment at BSSs, and depleted batteries are returned to the CCS to recharge. Firstly, a probabilistic model is developed to estimate the power consumption profile of the CCS. Then, a planning framework comprised of linear and nonlinear parts is introduced to minimize the total investment and operation costs.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Walied Alharbi et al.
Summary: This paper proposes a battery service transformation model that converts the charging of electric vehicle (EV) batteries to battery swapping, aiming to enhance the capacity of a distribution system. A mathematical model is developed to optimize and maximize the flexibility of battery-swapping stations (BSS) in providing demand response for the utility operator. Case studies and numerical findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the model, showing that offering battery-swapping services can reduce peak load and station operation cost.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Wenhao Jia et al.
Summary: This paper proposes a hybrid swapped battery charging and logistics dispatch model to optimize the combined operation of Battery Charging and Swapping Systems (BCSSs) for electric vehicles. By formulating the swapped battery charging strategy as the rectangle packing problem and the battery logistics model as the vehicle routing problem, the paper successfully combines the two models to address the challenges of long charging times and insufficient infrastructure for EVs.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Saleh Aghajan-Eshkevari et al.
Summary: This paper provides a comprehensive review of control structures, management objectives, and optimization methodologies for charging and discharging electric vehicles (EVs) in charging stations and power systems. It also analyzes the goals accomplished with efficient EV management and examines the biggest obstacles faced by EVs in vehicle-to-grid (V2G) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yongzhong Wu et al.
Summary: As electric vehicles have become increasingly popular, battery swapping technology is considered an alternative to the time-consuming battery charging process. This study analyzes the economics of battery swapping systems, finding that service levels decline as the number of users increases but economies of scale exist. Additionally, a trade-off between the number of stations and the amount of batteries equipped in each station is identified.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Bo Zeng et al.
Summary: This paper proposes a comprehensive framework to investigate the potential role of grid-connected battery swapping station with vehicle-to-grid in improving the economy and reliability of the distribution system. Through modeling, optimization scheduling, and quantitative methods, the impact of BSS on distribution networks is revealed. Numerical studies show that well-managed BSS can increase the profit and decrease the energy not supplied, achieving better economy and reliability.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL POWER & ENERGY SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Kushal Koirala et al.
Summary: This study uses fuzzy Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) and COPRAS methods to determine the optimal location for Battery Swapping Stations (BSS). The results suggest that cost-related criteria dominate the selection process, and the Kolkata Municipal Corporation area and the western part of North 24 Parganas are suitable for establishing BSS.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xiaoqing Zhong et al.
Summary: This paper proposes a cooperative operation approach for battery swapping stations (BSSs), charging stations (CSs), and residential buildings (RBs) in a community microgrid to minimize their operation costs. The approach utilizes Nash bargaining theory to solve the local electricity and carbon trading problem and transforms it into a mixed-integer linear programming problem using linearization technique. The proposed approach significantly reduces operation costs and carbon emissions compared to the noncooperative benchmark.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Chenke He et al.
Summary: This article studies the planning of swapping electric vehicle (SEV) battery centralized charging station (BCCS) based on EV spatial-temporal load forecasting. The article establishes models for road topology, driving energy consumption, endurance mileage, travel demand, SEV spatial distribution, and spatial-temporal load of SEVs. It also proposes a sizing and locating planning model for BCCSs based on operation analysis and a grid planning method considering power line pipes. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified using the MATLAB/YALMIP toolbox.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Quan Sui et al.
Summary: When offshore-island renewable distribution systems (OIRDSs) face multiple failures during extreme weather conditions, the battery charging-swapping system (BCSS) is a promising solution to reduce power outage losses and enhance the resilience of OIRDSs. However, extreme weather, such as heavy rain, can affect logistics speed and result in non-integer-hour battery scheduling time between stations. To address this issue, a novel OIRDS resilience enhancement strategy is proposed that analyzes the impact of rainfall, solar radiation, and wind speed on renewable generation and battery transfer time. The strategy also presents a dual unit commitment method to coordinate scheduling steps and non-integer-hour battery transfer time, as well as an optimal OIRDS resilience enhancement model that integrates battery scheduling and network reconfiguration decisions.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yang Li et al.
Summary: This study establishes a bi-level optimal dispatching model to balance the interests between CIES and EVCS by coordinating flexible demand response and uncertain renewables.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Walied Alharbi et al.
Summary: This article proposes a novel framework to determine the optimal incentive paid by the local distribution company (LDC) to residential customers and their optimal level of participation in transforming to residential energy hubs (REHs). Numerical simulations on a 33-bus distribution system show that the proposed framework is effective and can economically benefit both the LDC and residential customers, while achieving peak load reduction.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID
(2021)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Swapnil R. Revankar et al.
Summary: Battery Swapping Station (BSS) offers an alternative way to charge Electric Vehicles (EVs), serving as grid scale energy storage with significant potential. It has a broad review of its relation with EVs and power grid, discussing various operations, research on grid integrated BSS, optimization strategies, case studies, as well as challenges and trends. BSS shows promise for the widespread adoption of EVs.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Walied Alharbi et al.
Summary: This paper presents a techno-economic approach to optimize the flexible energy resource and non-deferrable loads for capacity enhancement of a distribution grid. Studies show that this method helps reduce the impact of non-deferrable loads on the distribution system and enhances the system power margin.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
K. Ramakrishna Reddy et al.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
(2020)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Joon Moon et al.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Bogdan Cristian Florea et al.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Bo Zeng et al.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
William Infante et al.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jin Li et al.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Kalpesh Chaudhari et al.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS
(2019)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Walied Alharbi et al.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
(2019)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Furkan Ahmad et al.
IEEE SYSTEMS JOURNAL
(2019)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Bo Sun et al.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID
(2018)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Tianyang Zhang et al.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS
(2018)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Hao Wu et al.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Md Shariful Islam et al.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
(2018)
Article
Thermodynamics
Saeed Salimi Amiri et al.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Walied Alharbi et al.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
(2017)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yanni Liang et al.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Mushfiqur R. Sarker et al.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS
(2015)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yu Zheng et al.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS
(2014)
