Islands in proliferating de Sitter spaces

We study two-dimensional de Sitter universe which evolves and proliferates according to the Ginsparg-Perry-Bousso-Hawking mechanism, using Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity coupled to conformal matter. Black holes are generated by quantum gravity effects from pure de Sitter space and then evaporate to yield multiple disjoint de Sitter spaces. The back-reaction from the matter CFT is taken into account for the dilaton as a function of the temperature of the CFT. We discuss the evaporation of black holes and calculate the finite temperature entropy of an inflating region using the island formula. We find that the island moves towards the apparent horizon of the black hole as the temperature increases. The results are applied to the case of multiple evaporating black holes, for which we suggest multiple islands.

Automated summary

In this study, we investigate the two-dimensional de Sitter universe evolving and proliferating through the Ginsparg-Perry-Bousso-Hawking mechanism, using Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity coupled to conformal matter. We find that quantum gravity effects generate black holes from pure de Sitter space, which then evaporate to produce multiple disjoint de Sitter spaces. We consider the back-reaction from matter CFT and calculate the finite temperature entropy of an inflating region using the island formula. Our results show that the island moves towards the apparent horizon of the black hole as the temperature increases. We also discuss the case of multiple evaporating black holes and propose the existence of multiple islands.