Role of the skin microbiota and intestinal microbiome in rosacea

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory cutaneous disorder of uncertain etiology that mainly affects the centrofacial region, including cheeks, nose, chin, forehead, and eyes. The pathogenesis of rosacea remains unclear because it involves several complex factors. Additionally, the potential treatment methods need to be explored. We reviewed the common bacterial species in the skin microbiota and gut microbiota of rosacea patients such as Demodex folliculorum, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus oleronius, Cutibacterium acnes, and Helicobacter pylori and identified their role in the pathogenesis. Besides, we summarized the influence factors such as temperature and age on rosacea patients. We also systematically reviewed the commonly used clinical treatment methods, including antibiotics, probiotics. as well as their treatment mechanism and application precautions.

Automated summary

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder affecting the centrofacial region. Its etiology and treatment methods are still unclear. This review examines common bacterial species found in the skin and gut microbiota of rosacea patients and their role in pathogenesis. Additionally, it summarizes the impact of factors such as temperature and age on rosacea and reviews commonly used clinical treatment methods, including antibiotics and probiotics, along with their mechanisms and precautions.