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Article Biology

Ecology, more than antibiotics consumption, is the major predictor for the global distribution of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes

Lea Pradier et al.

Summary: Antibiotic consumption alone does not fully explain the persistence of antibiotic resistance, as shown by the widespread presence of aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme (AME) genes in bacteria from various ecological contexts. This study demonstrates that the prevalence of AME-carrying bacteria is influenced by ecological factors more than antibiotic use. Analysis of resistome compositions reveals the importance of exchanges between soil, wildlife, and human samples in the dissemination of AME genes. Intervention strategies should consider both reducing antibiotic use and controlling exchanges between ecosystems.

ELIFE (2023)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis

Christopher J. L. Murray et al.

Summary: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to global human health, and this study provides the most comprehensive estimates of AMR burden to date. By estimating deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) associated with bacterial AMR in 204 countries and territories in 2019, the study highlights the impact of resistance and the leading pathogen-drug combinations contributing to it.

LANCET (2022)

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Article Environmental Sciences

The highly diverse Antarctic Peninsula soil microbiota as a source of novel resistance genes

Andres E. Marcoleta et al.

Summary: The Antarctic Peninsula soil hosts a wide range of microbial diversity and a widespread presence of autochthonous antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes. These bacteria show resistance to a variety of antibiotics, with some isolates demonstrating resistance to multiple compounds. Genome analysis revealed the presence of efflux pump genes and unknown mechanisms for resistance to certain antibiotics, suggesting a potential source of novel resistance genes.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2022)

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Review Microbiology

Antimicrobial resistance in Antarctica: is it still a pristine environment?

K. Hwengwere et al.

Summary: Antarctica, perceived as a pristine continent, is relatively free from antimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to limited human activity. The study focuses on understanding human-introduced AMR versus naturally occurring AMR and the potential role of endemic wildlife in AMR spread. The data shows higher concentrations of AMR around research stations, but low AMR in birds and seals. However, comprehensive assessment of AMR in Antarctica is limited by variability in reporting standards and methodologies. It is important to establish continent-wide AMR reporting standards for effective preservation of this relatively pristine environment.

MICROBIOME (2022)

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Review Microbiology