Transformation of YF3 into Y(OH)3 by a Mechanochemical Process: Extracting Yttrium from Rare Earth Smelting Slag under Mild Conditions

The yttrium (Y) element in the calciothermic reduction YF3 smelting slag (YSS) has a recovery value, and the conventional direct alkali transformation-acid leaching method of recovering rare earth elements (REEs) from solid waste, which contains rare earth fluoride, has encountered problems of high energy and alkali consumption and low leaching rate. In this study, a green process for the transformation of YF3 to Y(OH)3 at room temperature was achieved by employing a mechanochemical method. The process is environment friendly, with zero emission, less acid/alkali consumption, and water recyclability. It was found that YF3 will be passivated by a newly formed Y(OH)3 product layer under the alkaline condition, resulting in the unsustainable transformation of YF3 to Y(OH)3. However, the mechanical force could destroy the coating of Y(OH)3 and promoted the transformation of YF3 to Y(OH)3 completely; as such, the transformation efficiency of YF3 reached 98.2%. On this basis, the process of extracting Y from YSS was further studied, and the results showed that YF3 in YSS was successfully transformed into Y(OH)3 and the leaching rate of Y reached 96.2%. Therefore, it is expected to be a new technology to recover REEs from waste slag or minerals that contain rare earth fluoride and has good industrial application prospect.

Automated summary

A green process for transforming YF3 to Y(OH)3 at room temperature was achieved through a mechanochemical method. The process is environmentally friendly, with zero emission and less acid/alkali consumption. It was found that mechanical force can promote the complete transformation of YF3 to Y(OH)3, resulting in a transformation efficiency of 98.2%. The process of extracting Y from YSS further showed successful transformation and a leaching rate of Y reaching 96.2%, indicating its potential for recovering REEs from waste slag or minerals containing rare earth fluoride.