Phytochemical-Based Nanomaterials against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria: An Updated Review

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) is a growing global health threat, leading to the search for alternative strategies to combat bacterial infections. Phytochemicals, which are naturally occurring compounds found in plants, have shown potential as antimicrobial agents; however, therapy with these agents has certain limitations. The use of nanotechnology combined with antibacterial phytochemicals could help achieve greater antibacterial capacity against ARB by providing improved mechanical, physicochemical, biopharmaceutical, bioavailability, morphological or release properties. This review aims to provide an updated overview of the current state of research on the use of phytochemical-based nanomaterials for the treatment against ARB, with a special focus on polymeric nanofibers and nanoparticles. The review discusses the various types of phytochemicals that have been incorporated into different nanomaterials, the methods used to synthesize these materials, and the results of studies evaluating their antimicrobial activity. The challenges and limitations of using phytochemical-based nanomaterials, as well as future directions for research in this field, are also considered here. Overall, this review highlights the potential of phytochemical-based nanomaterials as a promising strategy for the treatment against ARB, but also stresses the need for further studies to fully understand their mechanisms of action and optimize their use in clinical settings.

Automated summary

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) pose a significant global health threat, and researchers are exploring alternative strategies to fight bacterial infections. Phytochemicals found in plants have shown potential as antimicrobial agents, but their use has limitations. Combining nanotechnology and antibacterial phytochemicals can enhance the antibacterial capacity against ARB by improving mechanical, chemical, and biological properties. This review provides an overview of phytochemical-based nanomaterials, focusing on polymeric nanofibers and nanoparticles, and discusses their synthesis and antimicrobial activity. The review emphasizes the potential of phytochemical-based nanomaterials for ARB treatment, but highlights the need for further research to optimize their use in clinical settings.