Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles Modified by Quaternary Chitosan Covalently Bonded with Gallic Acid

Quaternary chitosan derivative with covalently bonded antioxidant (QCG) was used as media for synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). SeNPs were characterized using AFM, TEM, and DLS methods. The data confirmed the formation of stable nanoparticles with a positive charge (34.86-46.73 mV) and a size in the range 119.5-238.6 nm. The antibacterial and fungicidal activity of SeNPs occurred within the range of values for chitosan derivatives. In all cases, the highest activity was against C. albicans (MIC 125 mu g/mL). The toxicity of the modified selenium nanoparticles to eukaryotic cells was significantly higher. Among nanoparticle samples, SeNPs that were synthesized at 55 degrees C demonstrated the highest toxicity against Colo357 and HaCaT cell lines. Based on these results, SeNPs loaded with doxorubicin were obtained. DOX loading efficiency was about 18%. QCG-SeNPs loaded with DOX at a concentration of 1.25 mu g/mL inhibited more than 50% of hepatocarcinoma (Colo 357) cells and about 70% of keratinocytes (HaCaT).

Automated summary

Quaternary chitosan derivative with covalently bonded antioxidant was used to synthesize selenium nanoparticles, which were characterized using AFM, TEM, and DLS methods. The results showed the formation of stable nanoparticles with a positive charge and a size in a specific range. The SeNPs exhibited antibacterial and fungicidal activity, with the highest activity against C. albicans. The modified SeNPs showed significantly higher toxicity to eukaryotic cells, particularly those synthesized at 55 degrees C, and SeNPs loaded with DOX demonstrated effective inhibition of hepatocarcinoma and keratinocytes.