SARS-CoV-2 transmission with and without mask wearing or air cleaners in schools in Switzerland: A modeling study of epidemiological, environmental, and molecular data

Article Critical Care Medicine

Molecular Detection of Airborne Mycobacterium tuberculosis in South African High Schools

Erick W. Bunyasi et al.

Summary: This study found that airborne MTB genomic DNA was frequently detected in high school classrooms in South Africa, and the risk of classroom exposure was similar to that in public health clinics.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Immunology

The Removal of Airborne Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Other Microbial Bioaerosols by Air Filtration on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Surge Units

Andrew Conway Morris et al.

Summary: Before the activation of HEPA-air filtration, airborne SARS-CoV-2 was detected in a COVID-19 ward, but not during filter operation; however, it was found again after filter deactivation. Airborne SARS-CoV-2 was rarely detected in a COVID-19 intensive care unit, and bioaerosol was effectively filtered.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Construction & Building Technology

Understanding teachers' experiences of ventilation in California K-12 classrooms and implications for supporting safe operation of schools in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic

Angela Sanguinetti et al.

Summary: This research explores the perception of teachers on indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in relation to actual monitored data. The findings indicate that teachers' perception of ventilation is not accurate, and those in classrooms with poorer ventilation were more satisfied with IEQ. Errors in HVAC system installation and programming contributed to misunderstandings. CO2 monitoring and teacher education are crucial for creating a safe classroom environment.

INDOOR AIR (2022)

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Article Immunology

Viral Load of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Respiratory Aerosols Emitted by Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) While Breathing, Talking, and Singing

Kristen K. Coleman et al.

Summary: The study found that fine aerosols generated during talking and singing contain more SARS-CoV-2 copies than coarse aerosols, potentially playing a key role in virus transmission. Patients in earlier stages of illness were more likely to emit detectable RNA, highlighting the importance of addressing fine aerosol exposure, especially in indoor settings. Challenges remain in isolating viable SARS-CoV-2 from respiratory aerosol samples, prompting the need for larger-scale studies on emerging variants.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Infection and transmission risks of COVID-19 in schools and their contribution to population infections in Germany: A retrospective observational study using nationwide and regional health and education agency notification data

Torben Heinsohn et al.

Summary: School-level infection control measures in Germany during the early COVID-19 pandemic lacked a dependable evidence base. This study found that the infection risk for students and staff was higher than the population risk, and school contacts contributed 2% to 20% of population cases.

PLOS MEDICINE (2022)

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Article

SARS-CoV-2 and the role of airborne transmission: a systematic review

Carl J. Heneghan et al.

F1000Research (2022)

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Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

The methodologies to assess the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions during COVID-19: a systematic review

Nicolas Banholzer et al.

Summary: The study found significant variations in methodologies for evaluating the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions. Establishing a unified methodological framework is crucial for the comparability and robustness of research results.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (2022)

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Review Biology

COVID-19: the case for aerosol transmission

Raymond Tellier

Summary: This review highlights the importance of aerosol transmission in COVID-19 and its implications for current pandemic control and future preparedness.

INTERFACE FOCUS (2022)

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Article Environmental Sciences

CO2 concentration monitoring inside educational buildings as a strategic tool to reduce the risk of Sars-CoV-2 airborne transmission

Alessia Di Gilio et al.

Summary: The study aimed to assess the risk inside schools by monitoring CO2 levels, finding that implementing detailed ventilation protocols and real-time monitoring of CO2 concentrations can improve air quality in classrooms and reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Understanding the effectiveness of government interventions against the resurgence of COVID-19 in Europe

Mrinank Sharma et al.

Summary: Research shows that in Europe's second wave, interventions such as business closures, educational institution closures, and gathering bans help reduce virus transmission, but with slightly less effectiveness compared to the first wave. This difference is attributed to the implementation of safety measures and individual protective behaviors in public life during the pandemic.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Environmental Sciences

The Impact of Large Mobile Air Purifiers on Aerosol Concentration in Classrooms and the Reduction of Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2

Finn F. Duill et al.

Summary: In a primary school in Germany, researchers tested the effectiveness of three large mobile air purifiers with HEPA filters and found that they can significantly reduce aerosol particle concentration. Additionally, differences were observed among the air purifiers in terms of particle decay rate, noise level, and flow velocity.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Ten scientific reasons in support of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2

Trisha Greenhalgh et al.

LANCET (2021)

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Review Microbiology

Transmissibility and transmission of respiratory viruses

Nancy H. L. Leung

Summary: Respiratory virus infections cause a significant global health problem, with different viruses varying in transmission modes and transmissibility. Understanding the relative contributions of different transmission modes is crucial for guiding the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions.

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences

A paradigm shift to combat indoor respiratory infection Building ventilation systems must get much better

Lidia Morawska et al.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clustering and longitudinal change in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in school children in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland: prospective cohort study of 55 schools

Agne Ulyte et al.

Summary: This study examined longitudinal changes in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and clustering of seropositive children in schools in Zurich, Switzerland from June to November 2020. The overall seroprevalence increased during this period, with varying rates across districts. The clustering of seropositive children was observed in only a few classes, indicating that with schools open and preventive measures in place, transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among children was limited despite community transmission.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Microbiology

High Efficacy of Saliva in Detecting SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR in Adults and Children

Michael Huber et al.

Summary: Saliva has been established as a reliable specimen for detecting SARS-CoV-2, particularly advantageous for testing children, and is readily applicable to increase and facilitate repetitive and mass testing in adults and children.

MICROORGANISMS (2021)

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Article Microbiology

SARS-CoV-2 N501Y Introductions and Transmissions in Switzerland from Beginning of October 2020 to February 2021-Implementation of Swiss-Wide Diagnostic Screening and Whole Genome Sequencing

Ana Rita Goncalves Cabecinhas et al.

Summary: The study describes the nationwide screening protocol established in Switzerland to monitor the spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants, and the increasing percentage of different variants detected during the screening process.

MICROORGANISMS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Estimating the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the number of new infections with COVID-19 during the first epidemic wave

Nicolas Banholzer et al.

Summary: This study analyzed the effectiveness of seven non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during the first epidemic wave, with bans of large gatherings found to be the most effective and stay-at-home orders and work-from-home orders the least effective.

PLOS ONE (2021)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Airborne transmission of respiratory viruses

Chia C. Wang et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of traditional respiratory virus transmission pathways, highlighting the need for updates. Improved understanding of aerosol transmission through studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection calls for a reassessment of major transmission pathways for other respiratory viruses, enabling better control measures to reduce airborne transmission.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Review Thermodynamics

Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor environments: A comprehensive review

Jialei Shen et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused millions of deaths and great economic loss globally. There is substantial evidence supporting the airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2, which can spread the disease over longer distances and times. Various indoor air quality control strategies have been analyzed for mitigating the airborne transmission risk, with a focus on both benefits and costs in designing control strategies.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Use of Saliva Swab for Detection of Influenza Virus in Patients Admitted to an Emergency Department

Alicia Galar et al.

Summary: Saliva swabs have high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of influenza virus by the Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV test and a high overall agreement and C-T correlation with nasopharyngeal specimens. Saliva swab may therefore be a feasible specimen type for influenza testing that can be easily self-collected with minimal equipment and discomfort.

MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal