4.6 Review

An update on mobile applications collecting data among subjects with or at risk of Alzheimer's disease

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Global estimates on the number of persons across the Alzheimer's disease continuum

Anders Gustavsson et al.

Summary: This study synthesized literature on the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) at different stages and estimated the global number of individuals in the early stages of AD. The findings revealed that there are approximately 320 million individuals with AD dementia, 690 million with prodromal AD, and 315 million with preclinical AD globally. Together, these individuals constitute 22% of the population aged 50 and above. However, uncertainties remain in these estimates, particularly in low- and middle-income regions where biomarker studies are lacking.

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Summary: This study evaluates the quality of publicly available apps for care partners of people living with Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) and identifies the design features of low- and high-quality apps. The results show that the average quality of these apps is minimally acceptable, with many apps having broken features and low scores for engagement and information. Meeting the minimum acceptable quality might not be sufficient to meet the needs of care partners.

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Co-design of a Smartphone App for People Living With Dementia by Applying Agile, Iterative Co-design Principles: Development and Usability Study

Sarah Fox et al.

Summary: This study explores the benefits of co-design in the development of smartphone apps. Using Agile methodology and continuous user consultation, testing, and feedback, individuals living with dementia and their care partners were actively involved in co-designing an easy-to-use, accessible, and appealing mobile health app. Co-design resulted in multiple patient and care partner-led software alterations, improving the user-friendliness and acceptability of the product.

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Emma Nichols et al.

Summary: With projected trends in population ageing and growth, the number of people with dementia is expected to increase. Understanding the distribution and magnitude of anticipated growth is crucial for public health planning and resource prioritization, with a focus on potentially modifiable risk factors.

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Mobile apps for dementia awareness, support, and prevention - review and evaluation

Georgina R. Chelberg et al.

Summary: The majority of dementia apps are free and primarily targeted towards caregivers, focusing on dementia information and practical tips. However, there is limited language options and ongoing support available in these apps, with few apps scoring well on Overall Quality according to MARS appraisal.

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Digital biomarkers and sex impacts in Alzheimer's disease management - potential utility for innovative 3P medicine approach

Robbert L. Harms et al.

Summary: Digital biomarkers, which are objective and quantifiable physiological and behavioral data collected by digital devices, have revolutionized clinical research by enabling high-frequency and sensitive measurements. In the field of neurodegenerative diseases, a digital biomarker-based technology called instrumental activities of daily living (iADL) digital medical application has proved to be a predictive biomarker for the conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. However, the use of digital biomarkers can be influenced by variables such as demographics, genetics, and phenotype. In this study, sex differences were explored in Altoida's digital medical application, and it was found that there were significant differences in neurocognitive performance signatures between males and females, indicating the importance of integrating traditional approaches with digital biomarker technologies in dementia research.

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Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment Serious Games: A Systematic Analysis in Smartphone Application Markets

Farveh Sabermahani et al.

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Mia T. Minen et al.

Summary: This study investigated the market of smartphone apps targeting five most disabling neuropsychiatric conditions, finding that most apps focused on migraine, depression, and anxiety with interventions, though many interventions lacked evidence-based support. Furthermore, while most apps had privacy policies, lay people may struggle to comprehend these policies due to their complexity.

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Effectiveness of App-Based Cognitive Screening for Dementia by Lay Health Workers in Low Resource Settings. A Validation and Feasibility Study in Rural Tanzania

Stella-Maria Paddick et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of a brief dementia screening mobile application in rural Tanzania, finding good sensitivity but lacking specificity when administered by non-specialist workers. This technological approach may be a promising way forward in low-resource settings, with specialist onward referral potentially prioritized.

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GEORGE®: A Pilot Study of a Smartphone Application for Huntington's Disease

Emma M. Waddell et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated the feasibility of using the smartphone application GEORGE for Huntington's disease, showing its effectiveness in differentiating HD patients from non-patients and measuring key disease features. Further refinement of the application's interface and activities could enhance its usability and sensitivity for clinical care and research purposes.

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DailyCog: A Real-World Functional Cognitive Mobile Application for Evaluating Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in Parkinson's Disease

Sara Rosenblum et al.

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Mobile application for monitoring behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in patients with moderate to severe dementia

Poonsri Rangseekajee et al.

Summary: The study developed a mobile application for caregivers to monitor behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in patients with moderate-severe dementia, showing excellent sensitivity, good-very good validity, and consistency. The caregivers had a positive perception of the application as an aid in caregiving.

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Kyle Boyd et al.

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Jakub Hort et al.

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In Quest of Tablet Apps for Elders With Alzheimer's Disease A Descriptive Review

Sunghee H. Tak

Summary: This review article discusses the current state of tablet apps available for elders with Alzheimer's disease and related forms of dementia, finding that most game apps require high cognitive and physical abilities. Due to individual variability in cognitive and functional abilities, a person-centered approach is necessary in designing and selecting games and activities for apps in order to increase engagement and promote positive experiences in older adults.

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