Dual-mode colorimetric-electrochemical biosensor for Vibrio parahaemolyticus detection based on CuO2 nanodot-encapsulated metal-organic framework nanozymes

This study examined the role of male pubertal maturation on physical growth and development of neurocircuits that regulate stress, emotional and cognitive control using a translational nonhuman primate model. We collected longitudinal data from male macaques between pre- and peri-puberty, including measures of physical growth, pubertal maturation (testicular volume, blood testosterone -T- concentrations) and brain structural and resting-state functional MRI scans to examine developmental changes in amygdala (AMY), hippocampus (HIPPO), prefrontal cortex (PFC), as well as functional connectivity (FC) between those regions. Physical growth and pubertal measures increased from pre- to peri-puberty. The indexes of pubertal maturation -testicular size and T- were correlated at peri-puberty, but not at pre-puberty (23 months). Our findings also showed ICV, AMY, HIPPO and total PFC volumetric growth, but with region-specific changes in PFC. Surprisingly, FC in these neural circuits only showed developmental changes from pre- to peri-puberty for HIPPOorbitofrontal FC. Finally, testicular size was a better predictor of brain structural maturation than T levels -suggesting gonadal hormones-independent mechanisms-, whereas T was a strong predictor of functional connectivity development. We expect that these neural circuits will show more drastic pubertal-dependent maturation, including stronger associations with pubertal measures later, during and after male puberty.

Automated summary

This study investigated the impact of male pubertal maturation on physical growth and the development of neural circuits regulating stress, emotional, and cognitive control using nonhuman primates as a model. By collecting longitudinal data, including physical and pubertal measures, as well as brain structural and functional MRI scans, the researchers found developmental changes in several brain regions and functional connectivity. Testicular size was a better predictor of brain structural maturation, while testosterone levels were strongly associated with functional connectivity development. Further research is expected to reveal more significant pubertal-dependent maturation in these neural circuits during and after male puberty.