Cross-modal plasticity refers to the repurposing of brain regions to improve other sensory modalities. In this study, it was found that visual deprivation induced cross-modal plasticity by rewiring the microglia-mediated local circuit synapse. This resulted in enhanced excitatory responses in the secondary lateral visual cortex (V2L) during whisker stimulation and improved vibrissae sensory discrimination. The enhanced cross-modal response was achieved by the selective removal of inhibitory synapse terminals on pyramidal neurons by microglia via the matrix metalloproteinase 9 signaling pathway. These findings provide insights into how cortical circuits integrate different inputs to compensate for neuronal damage.
Cross-modal plasticity is the repurposing of brain regions associated with deprived sensory inputs to improve the capacity of other sensory modalities. The functional mechanisms of cross-modal plasticity can indicate how the brain recovers from various forms of injury and how different sensory modalities are in-tegrated. Here, we demonstrate that rewiring of the microglia-mediated local circuit synapse is crucial for cross-modal plasticity induced by visual deprivation (monocular deprivation [MD]). MD relieves the usual in-hibition of functional connectivity between the somatosensory cortex and secondary lateral visual cortex (V2L). This results in enhanced excitatory responses in V2L neurons during whisker stimulation and a greater capacity for vibrissae sensory discrimination. The enhanced cross-modal response is mediated by selective removal of inhibitory synapse terminals on pyramidal neurons by the microglia in the V2L via matrix metallo-proteinase 9 signaling. Our results provide insights into how cortical circuits integrate different inputs to func-tionally compensate for neuronal damage.
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