Dietary Intake, Biological Status, and Barriers towards Omega-3 Intake in Elite Level (Tier 4), Female Athletes: Pilot Study

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have unique properties which benefit athlete populations. The literature investigating NCAA collegiate, rugby sevens and German endurance athletes indicates suboptimal n-3 PUFA dietary intake and biological status. The aims of this study were: (i) to explore the dietary intakes and FA profiles of elite level, team-based, female athletes and (ii) to understand perceived barriers towards achieving n-3 dietary guidelines. A total of 35 athletes (24.8 & PLUSMN; 4.5 years) completed both a questionnaire and a finger prick test. All the participants reported consuming fish and seafood over the previous six months however only nine athletes consumed & GE; 2 servings of fish per week. Four participants reported using an n-3 supplement. The mean omega-3 index (O3I; including supplementers) was below target levels of >8% (5.19 & PLUSMN; 0.86%). O3I was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in those consuming & GE; 2 servings of fish per week and/or supplements (5.91 & PLUSMN; 0.81%) compared with those who did not (4.82 & PLUSMN; 0.63%). The main barriers reported by those not consuming two servings of fish per week were sensory (n = 11; 42%), cooking skills (n = 10; 38%) and knowledge of n-3 benefits (n = 7; 27%). The current study shows that elite level female athletes present with suboptimal n-3 dietary intake and O3I due to their food preferences, cooking skills and n-3 knowledge.

Automated summary

This study explores the dietary intake and fatty acid levels of elite female athletes, finding suboptimal intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Athletes who consumed two servings of fish per week had higher fatty acid levels, while those who did not cited sensory preferences, cooking skills, and lack of knowledge as barriers to intake.