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Christian Orthodox Fasting as a Traditional Diet with Low Content of Refined Carbohydrates That Promotes Human Health: A Review of the Current Clinical Evidence

NUTRIENTS (2023)

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Impact of religious fasting on metabolic and hematological profile in both dyslipidemic and non-dyslipidemic fasters

Andreas S. Papazoglou et al.

Summary: Religious fasting has a significant impact on the metabolic and hematological profiles of Orthodox and Muslim participants, affecting parameters like fasting glucose, cholesterol, hemoglobin, iron, and calcium. However, further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups are needed to confirm the effects of fasting on human health.

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Article Food Science & Technology

Implementation of Christian Orthodox fasting improves plasma adiponectin concentrations compared with time-restricted eating in overweight premenopausal women

Spyridon N. Karras et al.

Summary: The study found that Orthodox fasting led to increased adiponectin levels and decreased body fat percentage, with an inverse correlation between adiponectin and waist circumference. These results suggest favorable metabolic effects of Orthodox fasting.

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Review Nutrition & Dietetics

Impact of Christian Orthodox Church dietary recommendations on metabolic syndrome risk factors: a scoping review

A. Kokkinopoulou et al.

Summary: Fasting among followers of different religions has been a long-standing practice. Christian Orthodox Church fasting is characterized by a vegetarian-type diet with occasional seafood and snails. Participants in COC fasting have healthier blood lipid profiles and reduced MetS risk factors such as total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, body weight, and BMI after fasting periods.

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Associations between Christian Orthodox Church Fasting and Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund's Cancer Prevention Recommendations

Anna Kokkinopoulou et al.

Summary: This study investigated the relationship between Christian Orthodox Church fasting recommendations and cancer risk, focusing on dietary intake. The results showed that fasters had a more favorable dietary intake, with higher consumption of fruit and vegetables and lower consumption of total processed meat. This suggests that following COC fasting recommendations may lower the risk of colorectal cancer and metabolic syndrome.

NUTRIENTS (2022)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Dietary Patterns in Adults Following the Christian Orthodox Fasting Regime in Greece

Anna Kokkinopoulou et al.

Summary: A study in Greece identified and described the dietary patterns of individuals who follow the Christian Orthodox Church fasting regime. The findings revealed that those who adhere to the fasting recommendations tend to follow a specific dietary pattern throughout the year, which is associated with healthier lifestyle choices and reduced meat consumption.

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Added Sugar, Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, and Artificially Sweetened Beverages and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Findings from the Women's Health Initiative and a Network Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

Bo Yang et al.

Summary: There is still much unknown about the role of added sugar in cardiovascular disease and the effects of sugar-sweetened beverages and artificially sweetened beverages on cardiovascular disease risk. The study found a positive association between high intake of added sugar, sugar-sweetened beverages, and artificially sweetened beverages with cardiovascular disease incidence. However, there was heterogeneity in the results of different studies, suggesting that further investigation is needed to determine the relative contributions of added sugar, sugar-sweetened beverages, and artificially sweetened beverages to cardiovascular disease risk.

NUTRIENTS (2022)

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Effects of orthodox religious fasting versus combined energy and time restricted eating on body weight, lipid concentrations and glycaemic profile

Spyridon N. Karras et al.

Summary: The study found that the Orthodox Fasting diet had superior lipid-lowering effects compared to the time-restricted eating pattern. Both groups experienced reductions in BMI, but only the OF group showed significant reductions in total and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. Glycaemic and inflammatory parameters did not show significant differences between the two groups.

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Similar late effects of a 7-week orthodox religious fasting and a time restricted eating pattern on anthropometric and metabolic profiles of overweight adults

Spyridon N. Karras et al.

Summary: The study found that both a hypocaloric diet based on Orthodox fasting and a time-restricted eating pattern can promote weight loss, but the impact of Orthodox fasting on lipid concentrations is not as significant 6 weeks after its end.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCES AND NUTRITION (2021)

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The effects of foods on LDL cholesterol levels: A systematic review of the accumulated evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials

Malin Schoeneck et al.

Summary: Systematic evaluation found that several foods can effectively reduce LDL cholesterol levels, such as those high in unsaturated and low in saturated and trans fatty acids, those with added plant sterols/stanols, and those high in soluble fiber. Additionally, unfiltered coffee may lead to an increase in cholesterol levels.

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Mediterranean diet and depression: a population-based cohort study

Weiyao Yin et al.

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The Christian Orthodox Church Fasting Diet Is Associated with Lower Levels of Depression and Anxiety and a Better Cognitive Performance in Middle Life

Cleanthe Spanaki et al.

Summary: The study found that the Christian Orthodox Church fasting diet has a positive impact on cognition and mood in middle-aged and elderly individuals, with fasting individuals showing lower levels of anxiety and depression and better cognitive function compared to non-fasting individuals.

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Effects of Periodic Religious Fasting for Decades on Nutrient Intakes and the Blood Biochemical Profile

Anatoli Petridou et al.

Summary: This study compared nutrient intakes and serum parameters in lifelong Christian Orthodox Church fasters and non-fasting controls. Results showed that fasters had lower energy, fat, protein, as well as vitamins and elements intake. However, blood biochemical parameters did not reflect these differences.

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Impact of Fasting on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Hypertension

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Health benefits and consequences of the Eastern Orthodox fasting in monks of Mount Athos: a cross-sectional study

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