A probabilistic model of quantum states for classical data security

The phenomenal progress of quantum information theory over the last decade has substantially broadened the potential to simulate the superposition of states for exponential speedup of quantum algorithms over their classical peers. Therefore, the conventional and modern cryptographic standards (encryption and authentication) are susceptible to Shor's and Grover's algorithms on quantum computers. The significant improvement in technology permits consummate levels of data protection by encoding classical data into small quantum states that can only be utilized once by leveraging the capabilities of quantum-assisted classical computations. Considering the frequent data breaches and increasingly stringent privacy legislation, we introduce a hybrid quantum-classical model to transform classical data into unclonable states, and we experimentally demonstrate perfect state transfer to exemplify the classical data. To alleviate implementation complexity, we propose an arbitrary quantum signature scheme that does not require the establishment of entangled states to authenticate users in order to transmit and receive arbitrated states to retrieve classical data. The consequences of the probabilistic model indicate that the quantum-assisted classical framework substantially enhances the performance and security of digital data, and paves the way toward real-world applications.

Automated summary

The remarkable advancements in quantum information theory in the past decade have expanded the potential for simulating superposition states, enabling exponential speedup of quantum algorithms compared to classical ones. Consequently, conventional and modern cryptographic standards are vulnerable to attacks from Shor's and Grover's algorithms on quantum computers. By encoding classical data into small quantum states and leveraging quantum-assisted classical computations, the improved technology offers superior levels of data protection. Addressing frequent data breaches and stricter privacy regulations, a hybrid quantum-classical model is proposed to transform classical data into unclonable states and demonstrate perfect state transfer in experiments. Additionally, an arbitrary quantum signature scheme is introduced to authenticate users and retrieve classical data without establishing entangled states, reducing implementation complexity. The probabilistic model confirms that the quantum-assisted classical framework significantly enhances the performance and security of digital data, paving the way for real-world applications.