Analysis of buoyancy assisting and opposing flows of colloidal mixture of titanium oxide, silver, and aluminium oxide nanoparticles with water due to exponentially stretchable surface

Energy is essential for a nation's economic growth. Energy is recognized in contempo-rary society as being crucial to the development of quality of life and sustainability. The environ-ment transforms/absorbs heat and sunlight in a variety of ways. Some of these transitions lead to the flow of renewable energy sources like wind and biomass. Solar energy has become one of the promising alternative energy sources in the future because to the improvements made to enhance its performance. In this context, the impact of solar radiation on modified nanofluid flow over an expo-nential stretching sheet is examined. Using the proper similarity transformations, the governing equations for the flow assumptions are reduced to ordinary differential equations. The numerical simulation of these simplified equations is then performed using the Runge-Kutta Fehlberg method and the shooting methodology. With the aid of graphs and tables, the effects of numerous param-eters on the involved fields are described. Results reveal that the modified nano liquid shows increased heat transport for opposing flow situation than the assisting flow situation for incre-mented values of porosity parameter and volume fraction. The modified nanoliquid shows increased heat transport for opposing flow situation with respect to augmented values of radiation parameter.(c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Automated summary

Solar energy is a promising alternative energy source for the future, which can enhance energy transfer efficiency. This study investigates the impact of solar radiation on modified nanofluid flow through numerical simulation. The results indicate that the modified nanoliquid shows increased heat transport for opposing flow situation with respect to augmented values of porosity parameter and volume fraction.