4.1 Review

Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2021-22

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Article Chemistry, Analytical

Highly-selective and sensitive plasmon-enhanced fluorescence sensor of aflatoxins

Tetyana Sergeyeva et al.

Summary: We have developed a new sensor platform with enhanced sensitivity and selectivity for detecting aflatoxin B1, a common food toxin in cereals. This platform is based on a molecularly imprinted polymer film that selectively binds to aflatoxin B1 and enhances the fluorescence signal using silver nanoparticles. The sensor has a lower detection limit and a wider linear dynamic range compared to other fluorescent sensors.

ANALYST (2022)

Article Environmental Sciences

Influence of season and lactational stage on aflatoxin M1 and ochratoxin A in human milk in a cohort study from southeastern region of Turkey

Siddika Songul Yalcin et al.

Summary: The study found that different seasons and lactation stages can affect the levels of aflatoxin M1 and ochratoxin A in human breast milk, while factors such as maternal smoking habits, body mass index, history of moldy food exposure, birth order, and breastfeeding type did not influence the results.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH (2022)

Article Food Science & Technology

High-performance liquid chromatography for the sensitive zearalenone determination by the automated immunomagnetic beads purifier for one-step sample pre-treatment

Bo Zhang et al.

Summary: A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method for zearalenone determination in feeds and grains was established, with good recovery rates and relative standard deviations. The method was found to be suitable for ZEN determination and showed good agreement with data obtained by immunoaffinity column-high-performance liquid chromatography (IAC-HPLC-FLD).

EUROPEAN FOOD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY (2022)

Article Food Science & Technology

Combination of Ultrasonic-assisted Aqueous Two-phase Extraction with Solidifying Organic Drop-dispersive Liquid-liquid Microextraction for Simultaneous Determination of Nine Mycotoxins in Medicinal and Edible Foods by HPLC with In-series DAD and FLD

Jiaju Pi et al.

Summary: A novel method based on UAATPE coupled with SOD-DLLME was developed for simultaneous determination of nine mycotoxins in medicinal and edible foods. The optimized conditions were determined by investigating the ATPS composition, extraction temperature, time, as well as the type and volume of extractant and dispersant for SOD-DLLME.

FOOD ANALYTICAL METHODS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Screening of multi-mycotoxins in fruits by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Yingying Fan et al.

Summary: An improved method was developed for the detection of mycotoxins in fruit samples from Xinjiang, providing accurate data and revealing significant contamination with mycotoxins, with the highest levels of three Alternaria toxins found in jujube, wolfberries, and raisins.

FOOD CHEMISTRY (2022)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Establishment of a Chemiluminescence Immunoassay Combined with Immunomagnetic Beads for Rapid Analysis of Ochratoxin A

Bo Zhang et al.

Summary: A highly sensitive chemiluminescence immunoassay was developed for detecting OTA in grains. The method exhibited good linearity, OTA recovery rate, and repeatability, and showed high selectivity for other mycotoxins.

JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL (2022)

Article Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science

Multiclass and multi-residue screening of mycotoxins, pharmacologically active substances, and pesticides in infant milk formulas through ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis

Luana Izzo et al.

Summary: This study developed a multiclass method based on the QuEChERS approach for the simultaneous determination of contaminants in infant milk formulas. Risk assessment revealed the presence of dexamethasone, pro-caine benzyl penicillin, zearalenone, and alpha-zearalenol in some samples. These findings underscore the importance of careful evaluation of contaminants in infant formulas.

JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE (2022)

Article Food Science & Technology

Development and validation of an HPLC-DAD method for the determination of moniliformin in maize

Bojana Radic et al.

Summary: In this study, an HPLC-DAD method was developed and validated for the detection of MON in maize samples. The method involved extraction with a mixture of acetonitrile:water without clean-up protocols, providing the best MON recoveries. The developed method showed satisfactory quantitative performance, making it suitable for the determination of MON in maize.

JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION (2022)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Detection of multiple mycotoxins based on catalytic hairpin assembly coupled with pregnancy test strip

Zi-Tao Zhong et al.

Summary: This study combines specific aptamer recognition with catalytic hairpin assembly strategy to detect multiple mycotoxins using a pregnancy test strip, achieving high sensitivity, low cost, and convenient detection.

SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL (2022)

Article Food Science & Technology

Interlaboratory collaboration to determine the performance of the Randox food diagnostics biochip array technology for the simultaneous quantitative detection of seven mycotoxins in feed

L. Sibanda et al.

Summary: An inter-laboratory collaborative study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the BAT Myco 7 method, which utilizes Biochip Array Technology to simultaneously and quantitatively detect 20 mycotoxins. The study involved nine AAFCO laboratories and demonstrated the reliable and accurate performance of the Myco 7 method.

WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL (2022)

Article Food Science & Technology

Fusarium Mycotoxins in Maize Field Soils: Method Validation and Implications for Sampling Strategy

Kilian G. J. Kenngott et al.

Summary: Although mycotoxins are usually considered as food contamination issues, there is also growing interest in them as environmental pollutants. The main sources of trichothecene and zearalenone mycotoxins in the environment are Fusarium infested fields. However, there is currently a lack of analytical methods to determine Fusarium toxins in soil matrices.

TOXINS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

A signal on-off fluorescence sensor based on the self-assembly DNA tetrahedron for simultaneous detection of ochratoxin A and aflatoxin B1

Wenjie Ren et al.

Summary: A signal on-off fluorescence sensor based on self-assembled DNA tetrahedron was developed for the simultaneous detection of OTA and AFB1. The fluorescence intensity changes were used for the quantitative analysis of OTA and AFB1, with detection limits as low as 0.005 ng/mL and 0.01 ng/mL. The sensor demonstrated universal applicability and could be applied in various fields such as corn and wine.

ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA (2022)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Detection of Mycotoxins in Highly Matrix-Loaded House-Dust Samples by QTOF-HRMS, IM-QTOF-HRMS, and TQMS: Advantages and Disadvantages

Viktoria Lindemann et al.

Summary: The analysis of trace contaminants in environmental samples is crucial for exposure assessment and evaluation of potential risks to human health. Currently, high resolution mass spectrometry methods are gaining popularity due to their enhanced selectivity, although the complex composition of environmental samples can have significant effects on the performance of mass analyzers.

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2022)

Article Biophysics

Real-time detection of ochratoxin A in wine through insight of aptamer conformation in conjunction with graphene field-effect transistor

Nikita Nekrasov et al.

Summary: Mycotoxin contamination in food and feed has negative effects on human and animal health and economics. Rapid and on-site monitoring methods for mycotoxins are highly desired. In this study, an advanced mycotoxin biosensor based on graphene field-effect transistors was developed, which showed fast detection and low detection limit.

BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Roquefortine C in blue-veined and soft-ripened Cheeses in the USA

C. M. Maragos

Summary: Soft-ripened cheeses were found to be free of ROQC mycotoxin, while the majority of blue-veined cheeses contained ROQC, albeit at levels considered non-hazardous for human consumption based on previous studies in the UK and Europe.

FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE (2022)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Measurement uncertainty for detection of visual impurities in granular feed and food materials in relation to the investigated amount of material

Leo W. D. van Raamsdonk et al.

Summary: The presence of visually detectable seeds from toxic plants and fungi mycelium bodies in feed and food is regulated by Directive 2002/32/EC and Regulation (EC) 1881/2006. Traditional homogenisation methods are not suitable for visual examination, therefore, new approaches are needed. This study proposes a new method where sample material is divided into four subsamples and separately examined for unit counts and unit weights. Analytical thresholds were calculated based on the data to ensure a controlled false-negative rate for compliance decisions. This study provides valuable information on the inhomogeneity among subsamples for visually detectable undesirable substances.

FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT (2022)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Fungi population metabolomics and molecular network study reveal novel biomarkers for early detection of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus species

Huali Xie et al.

Summary: The study proposed to use untargeted metabolomics and machine learning to mine biomarkers of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus species, and successfully developed a model with 97.8% accuracy in discerning these species, demonstrating high robustness and specificity.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2022)

Review Engineering, Environmental

The evolution of multiplex detection of mycotoxins using immunoassay platform technologies

Saowalak Adunphatcharaphon et al.

Summary: Mycotoxins pose serious threats to public health, the economy, and the environment. The co-contamination of multiple hazardous mycotoxins in commodities and the environment adds complexity to the problem. This review discusses emerging rapid immuno-based multiplex methods for detecting mycotoxins in agricultural products and feed ingredients published within the past five years, including lateral flow, fluorescence polarization, chemiluminescence, surface plasmon resonance, surface enhanced Raman scattering, electrochemical sensor, and nanoarray. The future trend of detection methods for multiple mycotoxins is predicted to rely on advancements in sensor technologies, nanomaterial-based enhancing and reporting signals, rapid sample preparation, and quantitative analysis capacity.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2022)

Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Study on sampling scheme for detecting mycotoxin during wheat storage

Yanjie Yi et al.

Summary: Mycotoxin produced by mould is a significant concern in food safety, and safe storage of grain is crucial in controlling mycotoxin contamination. Currently, there is no officially approved or standardized sampling scheme for detecting mycotoxin in grain storage worldwide.

JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE (2022)

Article Food Science & Technology

Development of patulin certified reference material using mass balance and quantitative NMR

X. Li et al.

Summary: In this study, a high-purity patulin CRM was fully characterized and assessed for the first time. The purity and uncertainty of the CRM were determined, providing assurance of accuracy for routine monitoring and risk assessment in the field of food safety.

WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL (2022)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Difunctional immunochromatographic assay based on magnetic quantum dot for ultrasensitive and simultaneous detection of multiple mycotoxins in foods

Shuai Zheng et al.

Summary: A multiplexed immunochromatographic assay using magnetic-quantum dots as capture/detection immunoprobes was developed for simultaneous and sensitive detection of multiple mycotoxins in food samples. The method exhibited excellent accuracy, specificity, and stability, with low detection limits achieved in actual food samples.

SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL (2022)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Intelligent point-of-care test via smartphone-enabled microarray for multiple targets: Mycotoxins in food

Wenqin Wu et al.

Summary: In this study, an on-site sensitive smartphone-based microarray (SPM) was developed for simultaneous detection of multiple hazardous contaminations. The SPM showed high sensitivity and accuracy, and can be extensively applied to environmental monitoring, food safety, and healthcare.

SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL (2022)

Article Spectroscopy

Simple and programmed three-dimensional DNA tweezer for simultaneous one-step detection of ochratoxin A and zearalenone

Ruipeng Chen et al.

Summary: In this study, three-dimensional DNA tweezers were utilized for one-step identification and detection of OTA and ZEN. Aptamers specific to these two mycotoxins were employed to unfold the DNA tweezers, resulting in the activation of fluorescent signals. The detection limit of the TD-DNA tweezers for OTA and ZEN was determined to be 0.032 and 0.037 ng mL(-1), respectively. The method showed promising potential for rapid and accurate mycotoxin detection in complex samples.

SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY (2022)

Review Food Science & Technology

Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2020-2021

S. A. Tittlemier et al.

Summary: This review summarizes recent developments in the analysis of mycotoxins in various matrices from mid-2020 to mid-2021. It covers different aspects of mycotoxin analysis, including sampling, quality control, and detection technologies. The review discusses important findings in chromatography, mass spectrometry, biosensors, and alternative assays. It also addresses limitations of the presented methodologies.

WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL (2022)

Article Food Science & Technology

Development of a Highly Sensitive and Specific Monoclonal Antibody Based on Indirect Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Determination of Zearalenone in Food and Feed Samples

Yanan Wang et al.

Summary: This study established a highly sensitive and specific ZEN monoclonal antibody (mAb) and an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) for the detection of ZEN residues in food and feed. The icELISA showed high sensitivity, specificity, rapidity, and reliability in detecting ZEN, making it a valuable tool for ZEN detection.

TOXINS (2022)

Review Food Science & Technology

Mycotoxin Analysis of Grain via Dust Sampling: Review, Recent Advances and the Way Forward: The Contribution of the MycoKey Project

Biancamaria Ciasca et al.

Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of dust sampling method at industrial scale for detecting multiple mycotoxins in grains. The research findings indicate that dust sampling and mycotoxin analysis is a rapid and non-destructive approach for identifying wheat commodities compliant to the maximum permitted levels.

TOXINS (2022)

Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Patulin Imprinted Nanoparticles Decorated Surface Plasmon Resonance Chips for Patulin Detection

Duygu Cimen et al.

Summary: In this study, patulin imprinted and non-imprinted nanoparticles were synthesized and attached to the surface of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) chips, allowing for detection and characterization of patulin. Kinetic studies revealed the limit of detection and quantification values, as well as the response time. Selectivity studies were conducted in the presence of other toxins, demonstrating the applicability of the patulin imprinted SPR nanosensor.

PHOTONIC SENSORS (2022)

Article Food Science & Technology

Microfluidics-Based Time-Resolved Fluorescence Immunoassay for the On-Site Detection of Aflatoxins B1 Zearalenone and Deoxynivalenol in Cereals

Xu Wang et al.

Summary: This study developed a highly efficient time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay microfluidics method for sensitive detection of fungal toxins, especially AFB1, ZEN, and DON, in agricultural products.
Article Food Science & Technology

Design of a Signal-Amplified Aptamer-Based Lateral Flow Test Strip for the Rapid Detection of Ochratoxin A in Red Wine

Yinyin Liu et al.

Summary: By aggregating gold nanoparticles, a signal-amplified aptamer-based lateral flow chromatography test strip was constructed for the rapid determination of OTA. The test strip showed high sensitivity and fast detection, and the application in red wine indicated its potential effectiveness.
Article Chemistry, Analytical

Rapid Detection of Deoxynivalenol in Dry Pasta Using a Label-Free Immunosensor

Francesca Malvano et al.

Summary: This work developed an impedimetric label-free immunosensor for detecting deoxynivalenol (DON). The immunosensor showed high sensitivity and low detection limit through layer-by-layer development and antigen/antibody interaction studies. It was successfully used for the quantification of DON in pasta samples.

BIOSENSORS-BASEL (2022)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Smartphone-based magneto-immunosensor on carbon black modified screen-printed electrodes for point-of-need detection of aflatoxin B1 in cereals

Safiye Jafari et al.

Summary: Considering the complexities and speed of modern food chains, there is an increasing demand for point-of-need detection of food contaminants, particularly highly regulated chemicals and carcinogens such as aflatoxin B1. We report a user-friendly smartphone-based magneto-immunosensor on carbon black modified electrodes for point-of-need detection of aflatoxin B1 in cereals. The assay demonstrated a low limit of detection and high reproducibility, and its applicability was validated on the basis of EU guidelines. An open-source android application, AflaESense, was designed to provide a simple interface for data analysis.

ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA (2022)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Hue Recognition Competitive Fluorescent Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Aflatoxin M1 Detection with Improved Visual and Quantitative Performance

Jing Wang et al.

Summary: A novel hue recognition competitive fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay strip has been developed for visual and quantitative detection of aflatoxin M1, with a low limit of detection and high accuracy.

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2022)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Screen-printed electrochemical immunosensor based on a novel nanobody for analyzing aflatoxin M1 in milk

Xiaoqian Tang et al.

Summary: This study successfully devised a nontoxic electrochemical immunosensor for the quantitative determination of aflatoxin M-1. The immunosensor demonstrated good selectivity and sensitivity, making it suitable for practical applications such as milk samples.

FOOD CHEMISTRY (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A MULTI-TOXIN IMMUNOAFFINITY CLEAN-UP FOR RELIABLE COST-EFFECTIVE HPLC-FLD ANALYSIS OF MYCOTOXINS IN CORN-BASED FOODS

Biljana Stojanovska-Dimzoska et al.

Summary: A novel strategy for analyzing multiple mycotoxins in corn-based foods was proposed, proving to be reliable and cost-effective. The method showed satisfactory performance and is a promising candidate for future standardization.

MACEDONIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (2022)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Adaptation, optimization, and validation of a sensitive and robust method for the quantification of total aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2) in the spice merk acute accent en by HPLC-FLD with post-column derivatization

P. Palma et al.

Summary: Mycotoxin contamination in agro-food systems is a global concern. This study developed and validated an analytical method for the quantification of total aflatoxins (AFs) in merken, a mixed spice. The method showed satisfactory results and is important for future quality monitoring efforts.

MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL (2022)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Development of a dual-recognition strategy for the aflatoxin B1 detection based on a hybrid of aptamer-MIP using a Cu2O NCs/GCE

Mahmoud Roushani et al.

Summary: In this study, a new biological biodevice for the accurate and cost-effective measurement of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was proposed. The device is based on a hybrid of molecular imprinting polymer (MIP) and aptamer (Apt) on a glassy carbon electrode modified by Cu2O nanocubes (Cu2O NCs/GCE). The device exhibited high performance, with a linear range of 50.0 pg L-1 to 3.5 ng L-1 and a detection limit of 3.5 ng L-1 to 40.0 ng L-1 and 12.0 pg L-1. The advantages of the device include novelty, high selectivity, portability, and cost-effectiveness.

MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL (2022)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Highly sensitive SERS detection for Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A based on aptamer-functionalized photonic crystal microsphere array

Laicui Song et al.

Summary: A highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) aptasensor for multiplex mycotoxins detection was developed based on aptamer-functionalized photonic microsphere array. This method has the potential for high sensitivity, low-cost, and high throughput.

SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL (2022)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Colorimetric ELISA based on urease catalysis curcumin as a ratiometric indicator for the sensitive determination of aflatoxin B1 in grain products

Huang Dai et al.

Summary: A novel colorimetric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using curcumin as a colorimetric indicator was developed for the detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in food. The method demonstrated selectivity and reliability and could be used for quantitative analysis as well as visual qualitative detection.

TALANTA (2022)

Article Food Science & Technology

Mycotoxin determination in fungal contaminated Canadian silage toxic to dairy cows and goats

M. J. Kelman et al.

Summary: Silage, a key component of animal feed in Canada and northern Europe, can contain toxic fungal metabolites and is susceptible to spoilage by yeasts and fungi. This study analyzed silage samples from Canadian dairy goat and cattle farms and identified multiple fungal species and mycotoxins. The findings highlight the importance of implementing best management practices to minimize fungal contamination and mycotoxin deposition to maintain animal health.

WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL (2022)

Article Food Science & Technology

An Interlaboratory Comparison Study of Regulated and Emerging Mycotoxins Using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry: Challenges and Future Directions of Routine Multi-Mycotoxin Analysis including Emerging Mycotoxins

David Steiner et al.

Summary: This interlaboratory comparison study involved nine laboratories from around the world testing for 24 regulated and non-regulated mycotoxins. The overall success rate for testing all compounds was 70%. The study also showed that the design is suitable for providing future certified reference materials.

TOXINS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Evanescent Wave Optical-Fiber Aptasensor for Rapid Detection of Zearalenone in Corn with Unprecedented Sensitivity

Haixu Zhao et al.

Summary: In this study, a novel optical-fiber aptasensor was developed for the detection of Zearalenone (ZEN), a common mycotoxin pollutant in agricultural products. The aptasensor exhibited unprecedented sensitivity, high specificity, low-cost, and easy of automation, enabling the detection of ZEN at sub-picomolar levels. The sensor also demonstrated excellent specificity and regeneration capability, making it a promising tool for practical applications.

BIOSENSORS-BASEL (2022)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Graphene oxide-based three-dimensional Au nanofilm with high-density and controllable hotspots: A powerful film-type SERS tag for immunochromatographic analysis of multiple mycotoxins in complex samples

Shuai Zheng et al.

Summary: A multiplexed surface-enhanced Raman scattering-immunochromatographic assay (ICA) was developed to sensitively and simultaneously detect three mycotoxins in unprocessed complex samples. The assay utilized a graphene oxide-based three-dimensional (3D) gold nanofilm as the film-type SERS tag, providing a greater reaction interface, excellent stability and dispersibility.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2022)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Universal screening of 200 mycotoxins and their variations in stored cereals in Shanghai, China by UHPLC-Q-TOF MS

Qingwen Huang et al.

Summary: A rapid and reliable UHPLC-Q-TOF MS technique was developed for universal screening of 200 mycotoxins in cereals. The method can identify tentative untargeted mycotoxins with a large range of polarity without reference materials. The study found that some mycotoxins, previously unreported in cereals, pose emerging potential health risks to humans and animals.

FOOD CHEMISTRY (2022)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Determination of Alternaria Toxins in Tomato, Wheat, and Sunflower Seeds by SPE and LC-MS/MS-A Method Validation Through a Collaborative Trial

Carlos Goncalves et al.

Summary: This paper describes an advanced LC-MS/MS method for the determination of Alternaria toxins in tomato puree, wheat, and sunflower seeds. The method has been validated in an interlaboratory study and showed satisfactory trueness and precision.

JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL (2022)

Article Biophysics

Quantitative detection of aflatoxin B1 using quantum dots-based immunoassay in a recyclable gravity-driven microfluidic chip

Xinran Xiang et al.

Summary: A novel microfluidic chip was developed for rapid and sensitive detection of AFB1, showing a wide analytical range and low detection limit, as well as good specificity and reusability. The chip design provides a reliable scheme for on-site detection of AFB1 and analysis of other small molecules.

BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS (2021)

Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Highly Sensitive Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Mycotoxins Using a Protein Microarray on a TiO2-Modified Porous Silicon Surface

Jianlin Li et al.

Summary: A new protein microarray method has been developed on a stable TiO2-modified porous silicon surface for parallel multiplex mycotoxin detection. The method showed wide linear detection ranges and low detection limits, and can specifically identify the mycotoxins and their analogues.

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY (2021)

Article Food Science & Technology

Assessment of Citrinin in Spices and Infant Cereals Using Immunoaffinity Column Clean-Up with HPLC-Fluorescence Detection

Christopher Mair et al.

Summary: This study developed and validated clean-up methods for spices and infant cereals, enabling reliable quantification of citrinin. Some products such as nutmeg and infant multigrain porridge showed higher levels of citrinin contamination than expected, suggesting potential public health concerns.

TOXINS (2021)

Article Food Science & Technology

Evaluating the Performance of Lateral Flow Devices for Total Aflatoxins with Special Emphasis on Their Robustness under Sub-Saharan Conditions

Barbara Cvak et al.

Summary: The study thoroughly investigated lateral flow devices (LFDs) for rapid total aflatoxin screening, including their matrix effects, cross-reactivity, performance under harsh conditions in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and comparison with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The LFD results showed good agreement with the reference method, and stability testing in Mozambique and Nigeria demonstrated no loss of test performance. The rapid strip tests correlated well with the LC-MS/MS reference method, indicating satisfying results regarding cross-reactivity, matrix effects, stability, and robustness.

TOXINS (2021)

Article Food Science & Technology

Regulated and Non-Regulated Mycotoxin Detection in Cereal Matrices Using an Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) Method

Aristeidis S. Tsagkaris et al.

Summary: Cereals are a widely consumed food commodity that may be contaminated by mycotoxins, leading to potential health risks for consumers and significant financial losses. A UHPLC-q-Orbitrap MS method was optimized and validated for analyzing mycotoxins in wheat, maize, and rye flour matrices, achieving low LOQ, wide linear ranges, and good recovery rates. The study highlights the applicability of HRMS detection in mycotoxin food analysis.

TOXINS (2021)

Review Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science

Recent advances in immunoassays and biosensors for mycotoxins detection in feedstuffs and foods

Runxian Li et al.

Summary: This article focuses on the recent progress of rapid detection strategies for mycotoxins in feedstuffs and foods, including the application of immunoassays, biosensors, and nanomaterials. The principles, advantages, and limitations of different methods are discussed, along with the challenges and future research directions in rapid sensing strategies.

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

Development and certification of a reference material for zearalenone in maize germ oil

Juliane Riedel et al.

Summary: Zearalenone (ZEN) is a common contaminant in maize oil, yet there is currently a lack of certified reference materials for its determination. High-performance liquid chromatography isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry was used to assign the certified mass fraction for the first CRM developed for ZEN in contaminated maize germ oil.

ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2021)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

One-step time-resolved fluorescence microsphere immunochromatographic test strip for quantitative and simultaneous detection of DON and ZEN

Jiadi Sun et al.

Summary: A one-step time-resolved single-channel immunochromatographic test strip and a dual-channel test strip were developed for sensitive detection of DON and ZEN, with good recovery results in real samples. The test strips show potential for broad applications in agricultural products.

ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2021)

Article Food Science & Technology

Quantification of the zearalenone in maize oil with no clean-up

Mansooreh Mazaheri et al.

Summary: An economic and simple analytical method for detecting Zearalenone in maize oil was developed, showing good recovery rates and low relative standard deviations. Among refined maize oil samples from different brands collected in Tehran market, 55% were found to contain Zearalenone, but all results were below the maximum limits set by Iranian national standard and the EU.

FOOD CONTROL (2021)

Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

A Novel Multiplex Mycotoxin Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Immunoassay Using Functional Gold Nanotags on a Silica Photonic Crystal Microsphere Biochip

Jialong Sun et al.

Summary: A novel multiplex mycotoxin surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) immunoassay was established using antigen-modified silica photonic crystal microspheres (SPCMs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for multiplex detection with high sensitivity and good recovery rates. The method exhibited high specificity and repeatability, while overcoming the drawbacks of fluorescence and chemiluminescence background signals.

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

High-Throughput Analysis of Aflatoxins in Cereals, Nuts, and Processed Products Involving Automated Immunoaffinity Cleanup and Inline HPLC-Fluorescence Detection

Manisha Dhanshetty et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the performance of an automated cleanup and HPLC analysis system for the detection of regulated aflatoxins in various food matrices. The results showed that the method had satisfactory performance in different food samples, providing efficient and accurate analysis with high throughput capabilities.

JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL (2021)

Review Chemistry, Analytical

High-resolution mass spectrometry for the determination of mycotoxins in biological samples. A review

Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares et al.

Summary: Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi, which can persist in food and animal feed, causing adverse effects in humans and animals. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry is commonly used for mycotoxin determination, but interest in high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) is increasing due to its advantages in structural confirmation and retrospective analysis.

MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Development and Validation of QuEChERS Followed by UHPLC-ToF-MS Method for Determination of Multi-Mycotoxins in Pistachio Nuts

Ana Rita Soares Mateus et al.

Summary: Pistachios are highly contaminated with mycotoxins, especially aflatoxins. A QuEChERS method combined with UHPLC-ToF-MS was developed for mycotoxin determination. Z-Sep d-SPE clean-up method showed the best analytical performance. The method was validated and found that pistachios in Portuguese markets are safe from mycotoxins.

MOLECULES (2021)

Review Food Science & Technology

Biosensors for Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone Determination in Feed Quality Control

Krisztina Majer-Baranyi et al.

Summary: The article provides an overview of recent progress in the development of biosensors for the determination of toxic fungal metabolites in cereals and feed, discussing the application of novel biosensitive materials and highly sensitive detection methods. These technologies offer fast, highly selective, and sensitive detection of toxic fungal metabolites with minimal sample treatment and reagents required.

TOXINS (2021)

Article Food Science & Technology

Organisation of Multi-Mycotoxin Proficiency Tests: Evaluation of the Performances of the Laboratories Using the Triple A Rating Approach

Emmanuel K. Tangni et al.

Summary: Two proficiency tests for determining various toxins in cornflakes and rusk flours were conducted according to ISO standards, with most toxins found to be evenly distributed and laboratories achieving good and acceptable performances. The triple A rating was found to be effective in evaluating multi-mycotoxin analyses.

TOXINS (2021)

Article Food Science & Technology

Determination of Deoxynivalenol in Wheat, Barley, Corn Meal, and Wheat-Based Products by Simultaneous Multisample Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay Using a Portable Analyzer

Ayano Nakamura et al.

Summary: Globalization has led to an expansion in the import and export of agricultural products and foods, making food safety a key concern worldwide. The development of a portable FP analyzer that can quickly and accurately detect common mycotoxins demonstrates great potential in contributing to food safety. The results obtained from the FPIA method using the FP portable analyzer were in good agreement with those from the government-recognized liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for mycotoxin analysis.

ACS FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2021)