Epitope Coverage of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid IgA and IgG Antibodies Correlates with Protection against Re-Infection by New Variants in Subsequent Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Article Immunology

The significant immune escape of pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron

Youchun Wang et al.

Summary: The Omicron variant shows greater potential for immune escape compared to other variants, suggesting a significant impact on immunity from previous infections and vaccines.

EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS (2022)

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Letter Immunology

Symptomatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Reinfection by a Phylogenetically Distinct Strain

Jan Van Elslande et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Immunology

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Re-infection by a Phylogenetically Distinct Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Strain Confirmed by Whole Genome Sequencing

Kelvin Kai-Wang To et al.

Summary: The study confirmed reinfection in an apparently immunocompetent patient 142 days after the first symptomatic episode, rather than persistent viral shedding. This suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may continue to circulate among humans, even with natural herd immunity, highlighting the need for further research on protective immunological correlates for vaccine design.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Genomic evidence for reinfection with SARS-CoV-2: a case study

Richard L. Tillett et al.

Summary: A man was infected with SARS-CoV-2 twice with genetically different virus variants, the second infection being more severe. The study suggests that previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2 may not guarantee immunity, and all individuals should take precautions to avoid infection. This has implications for vaccine development and application.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

A case of COVID-19 reinfection in the UK

Jack West et al.

Summary: This report describes the first published case in the UK of a person experiencing two distinct episodes of COVID-19 infection, with the second infection being milder and showing faster recovery. The individual was exposed to a high viral load prior to reinfection, posing challenges for public health and vaccination efforts.

CLINICAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Time series analysis and mechanistic modelling of heterogeneity and sero-reversion in antibody responses to mild SARS-CoV-2 infection

Charlotte Manisty et al.

Summary: This study found that post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, there are heterogeneous immune responses, with anti-S1 antibodies being cleared faster, transitioning more quickly to low levels of production, and experiencing greater reductions in production rate. In mild infections, relying solely on anti-S1 serology may underestimate the incidence of infections.

EBIOMEDICINE (2021)

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Article Virology

Repeated SARS-CoV-2 Positivity: Analysis of 123 Cases

Szilard Vancsa et al.

Summary: The second episode of SARS-CoV-2 positivity tends to be more severe if it occurs within 60 days after the first positive PCR. Younger patients are more predominant in the delayed recurrent positive group.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2021)

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Article Virology

SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection in a Healthcare Worker Despite the Presence of Detectable Neutralizing Antibodies

Thomas Theo Brehm et al.

Summary: Only a few reports on SARS-CoV-2 reinfections with limited immunological and virological data have been published. Our study found that a moderate immune response after the first infection, rather than viral escape, may lead to reinfection and live virus shedding.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2021)

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Article Virology

Age, Disease Severity and Ethnicity Influence Humoral Responses in a Multi-Ethnic COVID-19 Cohort

Muneerah Smith et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated significant variations in the magnitude and epitope utilization of the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 viral antigens within populations following natural infection, as shown through a novel protein microarray design.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Emergency Department Visits for COVID-19 by Race and Ethnicity-13 States, October-December 2020

Amanda R. Smith et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

IgG antibody response against nucleocapsid and spike protein post-SARS-CoV-2 infection

Hari Ram Choudhary et al.

Summary: By following up with 76 individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection for 16 weeks, it was found that antibodies against nucleocapsid antigen protein showed a waning trend but did not completely disappear. Some individuals became seronegative in qualitative assays, yet all remained positive in quantitative testing.

INFECTION (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Influenza virus infection expands the breadth of antibody responses through IL-4 signalling in B cells

Kosuke Miyauchi et al.

Summary: This study reveals that influenza infection facilitates a broader antibody response by unmasking haemagglutinin epitopes and signaling IL-4 in the germinal center, shedding light on the differences in antibody responses induced by vaccination versus infection.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Review Immunology