Dynamics of ternary-hybrid nanofluid of water conveying copper, alumina and silver nanoparticles when entropy generation, viscous dissipation, Lorentz force are significant

A magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stagnation-point flow and heat transfer of ternary-hybrid nanofluid of water conveying Copper (Cu), aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and Silver (Ag) nanoparticles is elucidated over a flat plate embedded in a porous medium. The main concerns of the study are to figure out the impacts of viscous dissipation, buoyancy force, and heat source/sink. The governing partial differential equations with corresponding boundary conditions are converted into a system of ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and then solved by three-stage Lobatto IIIa integration formula for a finite difference (bvp4c MATLAB package) and shooting technique with fourth-order Runge-kutta method. The main motivation behind this study is to perform the fluid flow, heat and mass transfer analysis of nanofluids with MHD flow, entropy generation analysis, which has important applications in many industries, in particular, the process of extrusion/layer of fluid dispersed with solute particles is extruded over other materials to increase the strength and durability of the final product. Some of the important results are with increasing values of heat source/sink parameter, the fluid velocity is improved in case of heat source and reduced in case of heat sink, both velocity and temperature increase with increasing values of Brinkman number, higher value of Brinkman number is to generate more entropy.

Automated summary

This study investigates the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stagnation-point flow and heat transfer of a ternary-hybrid nanofluid consisting of water, Copper (Cu), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and Silver (Ag) nanoparticles over a flat plate embedded in a porous medium. The impacts of viscous dissipation, buoyancy force, and heat source/sink are examined. The governing partial differential equations with corresponding boundary conditions are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations and solved using numerical methods. The study aims to analyze the fluid flow, heat and mass transfer of nanofluids with MHD flow, and entropy generation, which have important applications in various industries, particularly in strengthening and improving the durability of products through the extrusion/layering of fluid with solute particles over other materials. Some important findings include the improvement of fluid velocity with an increase in the heat source parameter and a reduction in fluid velocity with an increase in the heat sink parameter. Both velocity and temperature increase with higher values of the Brinkman number, which results in greater entropy generation.