Fluorescently labelled pepino mosaic virus strains share infected tissues and colocalize in cellular aggregates reminiscent of viral replication complexes

Mixed infections of pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) isolates from the EU and CH2 strains are frequent in tomato crops. An asymmetric antagonistic relationship has been described between these strains, making their in planta interaction worthy of study. The aim of this work was to verify if PepMV isolates labelled with fluorescent proteins recapitulate the interactions described for wild type isolates and, if so, to determine the proportion of cells infected with each isolate in single and mixed infected plants. Infectious clones were prepared for PepMVCH2-GFP and -EU-TagRFP, and also for their reciprocal combination, PepMV-CH2-TagRFP and -EU-GFP, and used to inoculate Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The accumulation of viral RNA followed trends that differed from wild type viruses, with the PepMV-EU-GFP and -CH2-TagRFP pair reproducing more closely the wild type interaction. Protoplasts were isolated from leaves that were systemically infected with PepMV-EU-GFP, -CH2TagRFP, or both, and flow cytometry was used to determine the proportion of cells infected with each tagged isolate. A significant proportion (16.6%) of cells were found to be infected with both, without strong evidence of virus exclusion in coinfections, as could have been expected for related viruses; in fact, cellular structures reminiscent of viral replication complexes were found to be labelled with both fluorescent reporters.

Automated summary

Mixed infections of Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) isolates from the EU and CH2 strains are common in tomato crops. In this study, fluorescent protein-labeled PepMV clones were used to investigate the interactions between these strains, and flow cytometry was used to determine the proportion of cells infected with each isolate in single and mixed infected plants.