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Paradigms in tick evolution

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Article Parasitology

Hard ticks in Burmese amber with Australasian affinities

Lidia Chitimia-Dobler et al.

Summary: Three examples of metastriate hard ticks from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber are described, showing affinities to modern Australasian genera. These findings support the hypothesis that the fauna of the amber forest originated from Gondwana and provide a revised evolutionary tree for Ixodida based on data from several new Burmese amber ticks.

PARASITOLOGY (2023)

Article Anatomy & Morphology

It is time to move on from homology in comparative biology

Joel Cracraft

Summary: The concept of homology is questionable in comparative biology, as it no longer plays a useful role and has little empirical implications. The paper proposes the use of formal phylogenetic analysis to test historical sameness of similar features in different taxa. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to understand the complexities of phenotypic evolution.

JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY (2023)

Article Infectious Diseases

Seventy-eight entire mitochondrial genomes and nuclear rRNA genes provide insight into the phylogeny of the hard ticks, particularly the Haemaphysalis species, Africaniella transversale and Robertsicus elaphensis

Samuel Kelava et al.

Summary: Hoogstraal and Kim (1985) proposed three groups of Haemaphysalis subgenera based on morphology. However, genetic analysis did not support this classification. In this study, the phylogeny of Haemaphysalis and the subgenus Alloceraea was investigated using newly sequenced mitochondrial genomes and nuclear gene sequences. The results suggest that Alloceraea may be the only monophyletic subgenus in the genus Haemaphysalis. Additionally, genetic analysis revealed potential cryptic species within Alectorobius capensis.

TICKS AND TICK-BORNE DISEASES (2023)

Article Parasitology

Worldwide host associations of the tick genus Ixodes suggest relationships based on environmental sharing rather than on co-phylogenetic events

Agustin Estrada-Pena et al.

Summary: This study explores how ticks of the genus Ixodes gain their hosts using network constructs. The results suggest that the relationships between ticks and hosts are primarily driven by ecological adaptation and coexistence, rather than strict coevolution. The study also reveals different patterns of tick-host associations in different biogeographical realms.

PARASITES & VECTORS (2023)

Article Zoology

Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories

Alberto A. Guglielmone et al.

Summary: This article summarizes the distribution of 762 species in the hard tick family Ixodidae worldwide, including countries, territories, zoogeographic regions, and remote islands. The distributional data presented here will serve as a valuable reference for biologists studying ticks and specialists focusing on tick-borne diseases.

ZOOTAXA (2023)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Comprehensive Species Sampling and Sophisticated Algorithmic Approaches Refute the Monophyly of Arachnida

Jesus A. Ballesteros et al.

Summary: Deciphering the evolutionary relationships of Chelicerata has been challenging due to their ancient rapid radiation and elevated evolutionary rates in some lineages. Despite conflicting hypotheses, the monophyly of Arachnida is widely accepted. However, our analysis of high-quality genomic and transcriptomic data suggests the nested placement of horseshoe crabs within a paraphyletic Arachnida. We found that genes and sites that recover arachnid monophyly are noisy and have low information content. Additionally, combined analysis of morphological and molecular data supports the placement of merostomates within Arachnida, indicating convergence driven by terrestrial adaptations.

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cas9-mediated gene editing in the black-legged tick, Ixodes scapularis, by embryo injection and ReMOT Control

Arvind Sharma et al.

Summary: Ticks have the ability to transmit various debilitating pathogens, but research on ticks has been lacking compared to other arthropod vectors due to challenges in applying genetic and molecular tools. This study reports a successful embryo injection protocol for the black-legged tick and demonstrates the use of CRISPR-Cas9 for genome editing. The results provide innovative tools for tick research.

ISCIENCE (2022)

Article Parasitology

A remarkable assemblage of ticks from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber

Lidia Chitimia-Dobler et al.

Summary: This study describes four new fossil tick species found in Burmese amber, including the oldest record of Ixodidae ticks, which may have a relationship with modern Australian species. The discovery of a transitional tick species, Khimairidae, combining characteristics of soft ticks and hard ticks is particularly remarkable. The study also introduces a new species of extinct Deinocrotonidae and associates a female individual of Cornupalpatum burmanicum with a dinosaur feather barb.

PARASITOLOGY (2022)

Review Microbiology

The Symbiotic Continuum Within Ticks: Opportunities for Disease Control

Sabir Hussain et al.

Summary: Ticks are important vectors of pathogens that affect human and animal health. They carry various pathogenic, commensal, and symbiotic microorganisms, which can influence tick physiology and ecology, as well as the development and transmission of tick-borne pathogens. Understanding the role of these endosymbionts is crucial for tick evolution and disease dynamics.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A Deeper Insight into the Tick Salivary Protein Families under the Light of Alphafold2 and Dali: Introducing the TickSialoFam 2.0 Database

Ben J. J. Mans et al.

Summary: In this study, the classification of tick salivary proteins was analyzed using the Alphafold2/Dali programs, resulting in the identification of novel protein families and providing new insights into the structure and function of tick salivary proteins.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Amplification and sequencing of entire tick mitochondrial genomes for a phylogenomic analysis

Alexander R. Kneubehl et al.

Summary: A cost-effective approach for amplifying and sequencing the whole mitogenome of individual tick specimens was developed and successfully applied to 85 tick samples, including 26 species with no complete mitogenome data available on GenBank. The accuracy and cost efficiency of this method were validated, making it applicable to genetic research on ticks and other metazoans.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2022)

Article Entomology

Their young bite better: On- and off-host selection pressure as drivers for evolutionary-developmental modification in Rhipicephalus ticks

Deon K. Bakkes et al.

Summary: Distinct life stages and host-use strategies have significant effects on the morphology and developmental trajectories of Rhipicephalus ticks. The shape of the basal mouthpart structure is correlated with host size, with species using large hosts at early stages exhibiting adaptive features. However, species using small hosts at early stages have lost these features. Additionally, the developmental trajectories differ between different host-use strategies.

ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Bioinformatic Analysis of Ixodes ricinus Long Non-Coding RNAs Predicts Their Binding Ability of Host miRNAs

Jose Maria Medina et al.

Summary: This study provides an exhaustive analysis of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in Ixodes ricinus ticks, revealing their stable expression and diverse biological roles related to tick-host interaction. The findings highlight the importance of incorporating data from different sources to generate a solid reference set of lncRNAs and suggest the possibility of lncRNAs acting as host miRNA sponges in tick-host interaction.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2022)

Review Immunology

Update on the intricate tango between tick microbiomes and tick-borne pathogens

Sarah Irene Bonnet et al.

Summary: The recent development of high-throughput NGS technologies has shed light on the complexity and dynamic variability of tick microbial communities, where symbionts and commensals play crucial roles for hosts and nonpathogenic tick bacteria may impact tick-borne pathogen transmission. Understanding the relationships between microorganisms carried by ticks and symbiont-tick interactions has potential implications for future control strategies of arthropod-pest and vector-borne pathogen transmission.

PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Review Biodiversity Conservation

What Is an Arachnid? Consensus, Consilience, and Confirmation Bias in the Phylogenetics of Chelicerata

Prashant P. Sharma et al.

Summary: The basal phylogeny of Chelicerata, particularly the monophyly of Arachnida, remains controversial with conflicting results from molecular datasets and phylogenomic datasets. The challenges of distinguishing phylogenetic signal from noise are explored through in silico experiments, showing that neither saturation rate nor maximal nodal support guarantees phylogenetic accuracy. Morphological support of arachnid monophyly is found to be dependent on a small number of characters linked to adaptation to terrestrial habitats.

DIVERSITY-BASEL (2021)

Review Parasitology

Grappling with the tick microbiome

Sukanya Narasimhan et al.

Summary: Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus are the main vectors of various human pathogens, including Borrelia burgdorferi. Despite advances in sequencing technologies, understanding of the tick microbiome is limited by technical difficulties and biological variables. Researchers are working to overcome these challenges and explore the significance of the tick microbiome in tick biology.

TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY (2021)

Article Immunology

Genetic Manipulation of Ticks: A Paradigm Shift in Tick and Tick-Borne Diseases Research

Andrew Nuss et al.

Summary: Ticks are obligate blood-sucking arthropods that are important vectors of pathogens affecting humans and animals worldwide. Despite the growing burden of tick-borne diseases, research on ticks has lagged due to challenges in applying genetic tools, such as CRISPR-Cas9, for stable genetic transformations. Successful germline editing with CRISPR-Cas9 in ticks has yet to be achieved.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Adaptive radiation and speciation in Rhipicephalus ticks: A medley of novel hosts, nested predator-prey food webs, off-host periods and dispersal along temperature variation gradients

Deon K. Bakkes et al.

Summary: The evolution of Rhipicephalus is driven by a complex interplay between host associations (host size, ranges, and mobility) and climate niche partitioning along annual and seasonal temperature range gradients. The use of novel hosts facilitates dispersal events and adaptive radiation through nested predator-prey connections in food webs, while off-host periods disrupt gene flow and drive diversification by partitioning niches among dispersing progenitors. These trade-offs between on- and off-host periods interact with nested predator-prey connections in food webs, host-use at different life stages, and gradients in annual and seasonal temperature ranges to drive adaptive radiation and speciation in Rhipicephalus.

MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION (2021)

Article Infectious Diseases

Nuclear (18S-28S rRNA) and mitochondrial genome markers of Carios (Carios) vespertilionis (Argasidae) support Carios Latreille, 1796 as a lineage embedded in the Ornithodorinae: re-classification of the Carios sensu Klompen and Oliver (1993) clade into its respective subgenera

Ben J. Mans et al.

Summary: There is controversy in Argasidae systematics, with recent research aiming to resolve the classification of Carios genus and proposing to elevate some subgenera to genera within the families Argasinae and Ornithodorinae.

TICKS AND TICK-BORNE DISEASES (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Tick extracellular vesicles enable arthropod feeding and promote distinct outcomes of bacterial infection

Adela S. Oliva Chavez et al.

Summary: Extracellular vesicles play a role in the transmission of pathogens from arthropods to hosts, with different types of tick-derived vesicles promoting or mitigating bacterial infection outcomes by influencing skin immunity.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Veterinary Sciences

Argasid Ticks of Palearctic Bats: Distribution, Host Selection, and Zoonotic Importance

Attila D. Sandor et al.

Summary: Soft ticks are ectoparasites of terrestrial vertebrates with some species specializing in bats. They are blood-feeders and may potentially transmit various pathogens, posing a risk of infecting humans.

FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE (2021)

Editorial Material Evolutionary Biology

Phylogenomics - principles, opportunities and pitfalls of big-data phylogenetics

Andrew D. Young et al.

SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY (2020)

Article Parasitology

Integrative taxonomy and species delimitation of Rhipicephalus turanicus (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae)

Deon K. Bakkes et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY (2020)

Review Parasitology

Haem Biology in Metazoan Parasites - 'The Bright Side of Haem'

Jan Perner et al.

TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY (2019)

Review Parasitology

Evolutionary Insights into the TICK Hologenome

Sandra Diaz-Sanchez et al.

TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY (2019)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A transcriptome-based phylogenetic study of hard ticks (Ixodidae)

N. Pierre Charrier et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2019)

Review Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science

Towards a new phenotype for tick resistance in beef and dairy cattle: a review

Heather M. Burrow et al.

ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE (2019)

Article Infectious Diseases

Integrative taxonomy of Afrotropical Ornithodoros (Ornithodoros) (Acari: Ixodida: Argasidae)

Deon K. Bakkes et al.

TICKS AND TICK-BORNE DISEASES (2018)

Article Entomology

Phylogeography of Ticks (Acari: Ixodida)

Lorenza Beati et al.

Annual Review of Entomology (2018)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Evolutionary changes in symbiont community structure in ticks

Olivier Duron et al.

MOLECULAR ECOLOGY (2017)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Effects of tectonics and large scale climatic changes on the evolutionary history of Hyalomma ticks

Arthur F. Sands et al.

MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION (2017)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

parasitised feathered dinosaurs as revealed by Cretaceous amber assemblages

Enrique Penalver et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2017)

Review Immunology

Gene Duplication and Protein Evolution in Tick-Host Interactions

Ben J. Mans et al.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY (2017)

Review Immunology

The Tick Microbiome: Why Non-pathogenic Microorganisms Matter in Tick Biology and Pathogen Transmission

Sarah I. Bonnet et al.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY (2017)

Review Parasitology

All For One and One For All on the Tick-Host Battlefield

Jindrich Chmelar et al.

TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY (2016)

Review Infectious Diseases

Ancestral reconstruction of tick lineages

Ben J. Mans et al.

TICKS AND TICK-BORNE DISEASES (2016)

Review Infectious Diseases

Systematics and ecology of the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus

Jeremy Gray et al.

TICKS AND TICK-BORNE DISEASES (2013)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A Deep Insight into the Sialotranscriptome of the Gulf Coast Tick, Amblyomma maculatum

Shahid Karim et al.

PLOS ONE (2011)

Article Entomology

A review of the systematics of the tick family Argasidae (Ixodida)

A. Estrada-Pena et al.

ACAROLOGIA (2010)

Editorial Material Biology

Phylo-evo-devo: combining phylogenetics with evolutionary developmental biology

Alessandro Minelli

BMC BIOLOGY (2009)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The role of saliva in tick feeding

Ivo M. B. Francischetti et al.

FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK (2009)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

An overview of systematics and evolution of ticks

Santiago Nava et al.

FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK (2009)

Article Entomology

Compluriscutula vetulum (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae), a new genus and new species of hard tick from lower Cretaceous Burmese amber

George O. Poinar et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON (2008)

Article Entomology

On molecular taxonomy: what is in a name?

G Uilenberg et al.

EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY (2004)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Adaptation of ticks to a blood-feeding environment: evolution from a functional perspective

BJ Mans et al.

INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2004)

Article Parasitology

A new genus of hard ticks in Cretaceous Burmese amber (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae)

G Poinar et al.

SYSTEMATIC PARASITOLOGY (2003)

Article Parasitology

Synonymy of Boophilus Curtice, 1891 with Rhipicephalus Koch, 1844 (Acari : Ixodidae)

A Murrell et al.

SYSTEMATIC PARASITOLOGY (2003)

Article Entomology

The Argasidae, Ixodidae and Nuttalliellidae (Acari : Ixodida): a world list of valid tick names

IG Horak et al.

EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY (2002)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A total-evidence phylogeny of ticks provides insights into the evolution of life cycles and biogeography

A Murrell et al.

MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION (2001)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Phylogenetic analyses of the rhipicephaline ticks indicate that the genus Rhipicephalus is paraphyletic

A Murrell et al.

MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION (2000)