Association of blood group with COVID-19 disease susceptibility and severity in Saudi Arabia

BackgroundNovel SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus has rapidly spread worldwide and was declared a pandemic, making identifying and prioritizing individuals most at risk a critical challenge. The literature describes an association between blood groups and the susceptibility to various viral infections and their severity. Knowing if a specific blood group has more susceptibility to COVID-19 may help improve understanding the pathogenesis and severity of the disease. We aimed to assess the association between ABO/RhD and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity, and to compare results with similar studies in Saudi Arabia. Study Design and MethodsThis study was conducted between March and October 2021 on 600 patients confirmed positive for COVID-19 infection. Patients' data were collected and analyzed. As a control, 8423 healthy blood donors were enrolled as a sample representative of the population for blood group distribution. ResultsMore individuals had blood group B in the COVID-19 group in comparison with the control group (24.2% vs. 18%), The opposite was observed among individuals of group O (39.5% vs. 47.3%). The B blood group was predictive of higher risk of mortality. No significant difference in the distribution of RhD was observed between the COVID-19 and the control groups. Neither ABO nor RhD was significantly associated with the severity of COVID-19. DiscussionAlthough there was no significant association with the disease severity, the B blood group may be associated with a higher risk for COVID-19 infection. Further studies with a larger sample size are necessary to evaluate this correlation.

Automated summary

This study aimed to assess the association between ABO/RhD blood types and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity, and compare the results with similar studies in Saudi Arabia. The results showed that individuals with blood group B had a higher proportion in the COVID-19 group compared to the control group (24.2% vs. 18%), while individuals with blood group O had a lower proportion (39.5% vs. 47.3%). The B blood group was associated with a higher risk of mortality, but neither ABO nor RhD was significantly associated with the severity of COVID-19.