期刊
JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH
卷 326, 期 -, 页码 120-126出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.04.016
关键词
Explosive volcanism; Eruptive plume dynamics; Fluid dynamics models; Three-dimensional simulations; Dusty-gas model
资金
- KAKENHI [25750142, 24244069]
- Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS) [JST (13803203)/JICA (1300744)]
- International Research Promotion Office Earthquake Research Institute, the University of Tokyo
- EU [308665]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [25750142] Funding Source: KAKEN
Height of plumes generated during explosive volcanic eruptions is commonly used to estimate the associated eruption intensity (i.e., mass eruption rate; MER). In order to quantify the relationship between plume height and MER, we performed a parametric study using a three-dimensional (3D) numerical model of volcanic plumes for different vent sizes. The results of five simulations indicate that the flow pattern in the lower region of the plume systematically changes with vent size, and hence, with MER. For MERs <4 x 10(7) kg s(-1), the flow in the lower region has a jet-like structure (the jet-like regime). For MERs >10(8) kg s(-1), the flow shows a fountainlike structure (the fountain-like regime). The flow pattern of plumes with 4 x 10(7) kg s(-1) < MERs <10(8) kg s(-1) shows transitional features between the two flow regimes. Within each of the two flow regimes, the plume height increases as the MER increases, whereas plume heights remain almost constant or even decrease as MER increases in the transitional regime; as atesult, the jet-like and fountain-like regimes show distinct relationships of plume height and MER. The different relationships between the two regimes reflect the fact that the efficiency of entrainment of ambient air in the jet-like regime is substantially lower than that in the fountain-like regime. It is suggested that, in order to estimate eruption intensity from the observed plume heights, it is necessary to take the different flow regimes depending on MER into account. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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