The Application of Nanoparticle-Based Imaging and Phototherapy for Female Reproductive Organs Diseases

Various female reproductive disorders affect millions of women worldwide and bring many troubles to women's daily life. Let alone, gynecological cancer (such as ovarian cancer and cervical cancer) is a severe threat to most women's lives. Endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and other chronic diseases-induced pain have significantly harmed women's physical and mental health. Despite recent advances in the female reproductive field, the existing challenges are still enormous such as personalization of disease, difficulty in diagnosing early cancers, antibiotic resistance in infectious diseases, etc. To confront such challenges, nanoparticle-based imaging tools and phototherapies that offer minimally invasive detection and treatment of reproductive tract-associated pathologies are indispensable and innovative. Of late, several clinical trials have also been conducted using nanoparticles for the early detection of female reproductive tract infections and cancers, targeted drug delivery, and cellular therapeutics. However, these nanoparticle trials are still nascent due to the body's delicate and complex female reproductive system. The present review comprehensively focuses on emerging nanoparticle-based imaging and phototherapies applications, which hold enormous promise for improved early diagnosis and effective treatments of various female reproductive organ diseases.

Automated summary

Millions of women worldwide are affected by various female reproductive disorders, causing many troubles in their daily lives. Gynecological cancers, such as ovarian cancer and cervical cancer, pose a severe threat to women's lives. Chronic diseases-induced pain, like endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease, significantly harm women's physical and mental health. Despite recent advances, challenges such as disease personalization and difficulty in early cancer diagnosis still exist. Nanoparticle-based imaging tools and phototherapies offer minimally invasive detection and treatment for reproductive tract-associated pathologies, and ongoing clinical trials show promise in early detection and targeted drug delivery. However, the complexities of the female reproductive system pose challenges in the development of these nanoparticle applications.