Real-Time Seismic Intensity Measurements Prediction for Earthquake Early Warning: A Systematic Literature Review

With the gradual development of and improvement in earthquake early warning systems (EEWS), more accurate real-time seismic intensity measurements (IMs) methods are needed to assess the impact range of earthquake intensities. Although traditional point source warning systems have made some progress in terms of predicting earthquake source parameters, they are still inadequate at assessing the accuracy of IMs predictions. In this paper, we aim to explore the current state of the field by reviewing real-time seismic IMs methods. First, we analyze different views on the ultimate earthquake magnitude and rupture initiation behavior. Then, we summarize the progress of IMs predictions as they relate to regional and field warnings. The applications of finite faults and simulated seismic wave fields in IMs predictions are analyzed. Finally, the methods used to evaluate IMs are discussed in terms of the accuracy of the IMs measured by different algorithms and the cost of alerts. The trend of IMs prediction methods in real time is diversified, and the integration of various types of warning algorithms and of various configurations of seismic station equipment in an integrated earthquake warning network is an important development trend for future EEWS construction.

Automated summary

This paper reviews real-time seismic intensity measurement methods and explores the need for more accurate methods in earthquake early warning systems (EEWS). The paper analyzes different views on earthquake magnitude and rupture initiation behavior, and summarizes the progress of intensity measurement methods in relation to regional and field warnings. The applications of finite faults and simulated seismic wave fields in intensity measurement methods are also analyzed. Finally, the paper discusses methods used to evaluate intensity measurements in terms of accuracy and cost. The trend of real-time intensity measurement methods is diversified, and the integration of various warning algorithms and seismic station equipment configurations in an integrated earthquake warning network is an important development trend for future EEWS construction.