Optical Remote Sensing in Provisioning of Ecosystem-Functions Analysis-Review

Keeping natural ecosystems and their functions in the proper condition is necessary. One of the best contactless monitoring methods is remote sensing, especially optical remote sensing, which is used for vegetation applications. In addition to satellite data, data from ground sensors are necessary for validation or training in ecosystem-function quantification. This article focuses on the ecosystem functions associated with aboveground-biomass production and storage. The study contains an overview of the remote-sensing methods used for ecosystem-function monitoring, especially methods for detecting primary variables linked to ecosystem functions. The related studies are summarized in multiple tables. Most studies use freely available Sentinel-2 or Landsat imagery, with Sentinel-2 mostly producing better results at larger scales and in areas with vegetation. The spatial resolution is a key factor that plays a significant role in the accuracy with which ecosystem functions are quantified. However, factors such as spectral bands, algorithm selection, and validation data are also important. In general, optical data are usable even without supplementary data.

Automated summary

Keeping natural ecosystems and their functions in proper condition is essential, and remote sensing, especially optical remote sensing, is an effective contactless monitoring method for vegetation applications. This article provides an overview of remote sensing methods for monitoring ecosystem functions, with a focus on aboveground-biomass production and storage. The study summarizes related research and highlights the importance of factors such as satellite imagery, spatial resolution, spectral bands, algorithm selection, and validation data in accurately quantifying ecosystem functions.