Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a in the shallow, carbonate-dominated intrashelf Kazhdumi Basin, Zagros Mountains

The early Aptian Selli Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a (ca 120 Ma) is a major Mesozoic episode of biotic, climatic, environmental and geochemical perturbations associated with the extensive burial of organic matter. Based on the new sedimentological, biostratigraphic and carbon-isotope data from the Kazhdumi Intrashelf Basin, this study tracks the Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a-associated perturbations along the north-eastern margin of the Arabian Plate. The studied succession has five complete third-order sequences with three facies associations: (i) deep open-marine and intrashelf basin; (ii) shallow open-marine mid-ramp; and (iii) inner ramp. The Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a-equivalent deposits include the former two facies associations - (i) and (ii) - and are 25 to 31 m thick, which corresponds to the accumulation rates of ca 1.9 to 3.1 cm kyr(-1) (uncorrected for compaction) based on the 1.0 to 1.3 Myr duration of the event. The interval retained a high-resolution record of carbon-isotope and sea-level fluctuations, which enables correlation across the Arabian Plate and Tethys. The Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a onset is marked by a biotic change from ostreid-dominated shallow-marine limestone with abundant foraminifera (Palorbitolina lenticularis and Choffatella decipiens) to dark grey deep-water planktonic foraminifera-rich and radiolaria-rich limestone with chert and organic-rich shale (Radiolarian Flood Zone). The upper oceanic anoxic event part of 1a is characterized by the shallowing-upward, backstepping facies marking the return to a shallow open-marine setting, albeit without recovery of the Palorbitolina-Choffatella association. Deep open-marine deposition (Kazhdumi Tongue) was restored early during the Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a recovery in the latest early Aptian. A return to shallow open-marine environments with Mesorbitolina-rich limestone marks the beginning of the late Aptian, followed by a major sea-level fall and karstification. This study resolves some of the uncertainties related to the order and timing of the events influencing the environmental disturbances across the eastern Arabian Plate during Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a and stresses the importance of shallow carbonate-dominated intrashelf basins as faithful recorders of carbon-isotope and sea-level oscillations and palaeoenvironmental changes during global oceanic perturbations.

Automated summary

This study investigates the Early Aptian Selli Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a (ca 120 Ma) by analyzing sedimentological, biostratigraphic, and carbon isotope data from the Kazhdumi Intrashelf Basin in Kazakhstan. It reveals the biotic, climatic, environmental, and geochemical perturbations associated with the burial of organic matter. The study highlights the significance of shallow carbonate-dominated intrashelf basins in recording carbon isotope and sea-level fluctuations and paleoenvironmental changes during global oceanic disturbances.