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Article
Environmental Sciences
Andrew L. Rainey et al.
Summary: This study retrospectively assessed the relationship between wastewater outcomes and COVID-19 cases in a university campus. The odds of obtaining a positive wastewater sample increased with COVID-19 clinical cases, and there was a linear association between SARS-CoV-2 wastewater concentrations and COVID-19 clinical cases. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of wastewater-based epidemiology in the university setting, but its utility may be limited under different COVID-19 mitigation policies.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhen Cui et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is spreading rapidly worldwide due to its increased fitness, with spike structures that maintain stability for receptor recognition but compromise viral fusion efficiency. By altering amino acids and structures, it evades recognition by most antibodies, facilitating immune escape. The research sheds light on conserved regions for the development of broad-spectrum vaccines.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Rune Micha Pedersen et al.
Summary: This study raises doubts about the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through feces. The results indicate that the concentration of viral RNA in fecal samples is significantly lower than that in pharyngeal swabs, and no replicative virus could be cultured from rectal swabs.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2022)
Editorial Material
Infectious Diseases
Manolis Wallace et al.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Baisheng Li et al.
Summary: This article reports the first local transmission of the Delta variant in mainland China. Compared to A/B lineage infections during the first wave in China in early 2020, Delta infections had viral loads that were on average about 1000 times greater when they first tested positive, suggesting potentially faster viral replication and greater infectiousness during early infection. The transmission bottleneck size of the Delta variant was generally narrow, with 1-3 virions in most donor-recipient transmission pairs. However, transmission of minor intra-host variants resulted in at least 3 of the 34 substitutions identified in the outbreak, highlighting the contribution of intra-host variants to population-level viral diversity during rapid spread.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tobias Mourier et al.
Summary: Monitoring the spread and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 through genome sequencing is crucial in managing the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, the authors sequenced 892 SARS-CoV-2 genomes collected from patients in Saudi Arabia and identified two consecutive mutations in the nucleocapsid protein that were associated with higher viral loads in COVID-19 patients. Through biochemical analysis, they found that the mutant protein displayed enhanced viral RNA binding and differential interaction with key host proteins. The study also revealed dysregulated interferon response genes in host cells expressing the mutant protein. These findings provide important insights into the modulation of host-virus interactions and highlight the potential of the nucleocapsid protein as a target for drug development during infection.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Virology
Christoph Jung et al.
Summary: The recently identified Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is the fifth variant of concern and is characterized by significant changes in the viral Spike protein, possibly leading to increased transmission efficiency and evasion of neutralizing antibodies. Despite quickly outcompeting the Delta variant, Omicron appears to be overall less pathogenic than other variants.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yuke Wang et al.
Summary: As COVID-19 continues to spread globally, wastewater-based surveillance can provide early warning of outbreaks at institutions. However, weekly wastewater monitoring may not be sensitive enough to detect sporadic cases in residence buildings, although there is a correlation between the Ct values of wastewater samples and the number of COVID-19 patients.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
N. L. Fahrenfeld et al.
Summary: This study compared the results of COVID-19 saliva tests and wastewater monitoring. The concentration of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater was strongly correlated with the percentage of positive saliva test results from the previous week. Saliva testing detected spikes in COVID-19 cases earlier than wastewater sampling.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jillian Wright et al.
Summary: Wastewater-based epidemiology is widely used globally to quantify SARS-CoV-2 in communities. This study compared wastewater monitoring with random clinical testing on a university campus in the Southwestern United States. The results showed a strong positive correlation between wastewater monitoring and clinical testing, and wastewater monitoring was more cost-effective.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Amy Xiao et al.
Summary: Wastewater surveillance is a useful tool in the public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Quantitative metrics are needed to interpret wastewater data in the context of public health trends. Three new metrics have been demonstrated to monitor changes in COVID-19 epidemiology.
Article
Microbiology
Chiara Pastorio et al.
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has rapidly become the dominant strain in the COVID-19 pandemic, mainly due to its enhanced transmission and immune evasion capabilities resulting from multiple mutations in the Spike protein. Certain mutations impair infectivity, while others moderately enhance it. Moreover, most mutations in the Spike protein reduce its susceptibility to neutralization by sera from vaccinated individuals and therapeutic antibodies.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
N. Jain et al.
Summary: Wastewater-based surveillance has proven to be an effective tool for monitoring the transmission of SARSCoV-2 in both small and large-scale communities. A study conducted at the University of Saskatchewan demonstrated the usefulness of this method in tracking the virus in university residences and the campus as a whole. The findings showed similarities in detection frequencies and viral loads between the wastewater samples collected from the residences and the samples taken from the wastewater treatment plant. Additionally, the self-reported rates of infection on campus aligned with the increases in viral load detected in the wastewater samples. These results highlight the cost-effectiveness and utility of wastewater-based surveillance in monitoring COVID-19 spread.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Smruthi Karthikeyan et al.
Summary: This study addresses the limitations of wastewater-based genomic surveillance by developing improved concentration protocols and deconvolution software. The researchers successfully detected emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater samples earlier than clinical genomic surveillance and identified instances of virus spread not captured by clinical testing. This scalable solution allows for early detection of variants and identification of hidden transmission.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Brienna L. Anderson-Coughlin et al.
Summary: Wastewater surveillance has been proven to be a valuable tool in complementing clinical testing during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, applying this surveillance approach to small populations, such as dormitories and assisted living facilities, presents challenges in terms of sample collection and processing. This study compared wastewater and clinical data, and evaluated wastewater collection practices to enhance virus detection sensitivity.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Noluxabiso Mangwana et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of targeted wastewater surveillance for mitigating outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 in student residences at Stellenbosch University in South Africa, showing success in early detection and management strategies, as well as tracking the surge of Delta and Omicron variants in the student residences.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Chiara Ippoliti et al.
Summary: PCR assay is an effective method for rapid detection of the Omicron variant in respiratory tract samples. By targeting specific mutations in the nucleocapsid (N) gene region, the assay can accurately identify the Omicron variant.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Meriem Bekliz et al.
Summary: The sensitivity for detecting Omicron-BA.1 varies among different Ag-RDTs, highlighting the need for careful consideration when using these tests. Analytical and retrospective testing demonstrated variable sensitivity for both Omicron-BA.1 and Delta, but all seven Ag-RDTs showed comparable sensitivities in the retrospective study.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Emily Lu et al.
Summary: Wastewater-based epidemiology is an effective tool for monitoring the spread of infectious diseases and illicit drug use within communities. This study found a significant correlation between the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 genes in wastewater and the number of infections, indicating that wastewater signals increase with the census of infected individuals.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Laura Lee et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant global impact, with traditional clinical testing methods potentially providing an inaccurate picture of the true prevalence. Wastewater-based epidemiology has emerged as a complementary method for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance, particularly in rural areas. This study describes the application of wastewater surveillance in two university campus communities in rural Lincoln Parish, Louisiana, highlighting its potential to advance public health equity in rural areas.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Rosa de Llanos et al.
Summary: Wastewater surveillance is a valuable tool for tracing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, as it allows for monitoring both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases. A pilot program conducted at University Jaume I in Spain showed that the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater was influenced by the COVID-19 incidence on campus and the occupancy of buildings. Additionally, sequencing of selected samples revealed the presence of viral variants, indicating the evolution of the virus over time.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shireen M. Kotay et al.
Summary: This article demonstrates the value of building-level wastewater surveillance as an early warning system for informing the need for prevalence testing in congregated living settings like university dormitories. Daily coordination of wastewater and clinical testing helped identify unrecognized infected occupants. The trends in wastewater detection aligned with clinical positivity and epidemiology, but convalescent shedding hampered the predictive ability to detect new positive cases. Building-level wastewater monitoring paired with regular testing of individuals is an effective approach for mitigating outbreaks in congregate living settings.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Josef M. Penninger et al.
Summary: Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 plays a role not only in regulating the renin angiotensin system, but also in maintaining amino acid balance in the intestine and stability of the gut microbiome. Research explores the role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 as the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and the impact of coronavirus disease 19 infection on the gut microbiome and gut epithelium.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Bradley W. Schmitz et al.
Summary: Wastewater-based epidemiology was effective in identifying and reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission events in student dormitories, with 79.2% of infections found to be asymptomatic.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tatjana Baldovin et al.
Summary: This study in Padua, Italy, detected the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in treated and untreated wastewaters, with the virus showing persistence after 24 hours at 4°C. Hospitalization data suggested that wastewater-based epidemiology detection can identify approximately 1 COVID-19 case per 531 inhabitants. These findings strongly support the potential role of wastewater-based epidemiology in COVID-19 environmental surveillance.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Walter Q. Betancourt et al.
Summary: Wastewater-based epidemiology has shown potential as an early-warning tool for detecting the presence of COVID-19 in communities. By utilizing wastewater testing, infected individuals were identified and isolated, thereby preventing potential disease transmission.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Katelyn Reeves et al.
Summary: The University of Colorado Boulder campus conducted COVID-19 monitoring through sampling wastewater, using low-cost homemade samplers to collect 1512 samples and quantifying SARS-CoV-2 concentration through two different RT-qPCR methods. The study found that higher temporal resolution and normalization to an endogenous control increased data accuracy, and the raw wastewater concentration data reflected the campus epidemic situation.
Article
Biology
Petr Danecek et al.
Summary: SAMtools and BCFtools are widely used tools for processing high-throughput sequencing data, with a history of 12 years of continuous development and improvement. These packages have been utilized in various software projects and genomic pipelines and are freely available on GitHub.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Pei-Ying Hong et al.
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between the number of hospitalized cases and the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater, revealing a weak correlation. The choice of which nucleocapsid gene to target in RT-qPCR testing also affects the results, with differences in gene abundances observed at different stages of wastewater treatment.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Ryland Corchis-Scott et al.
Summary: A wastewater surveillance program targeting a university residence hall successfully detected cases of Alpha variant COVID-19 and triggered a public health response to prevent an outbreak on campus.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Rachel R. Spurbeck et al.
Summary: Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has the potential to track the viral load of SARS-CoV-2 and identify other pathogens in the community. Techniques such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), targeted sequencing, and untargeted metatranscriptomics can be utilized for this purpose.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yawen Zhang et al.
Summary: The study found that fecal SARS-CoV-2 RNA is commonly detected in COVID-19 patients with a 3-fold increased risk in patients with diarrhea. The shedding of fecal RNA lasted more than 3 weeks after presentation and a week after the last detectable respiratory RNA.
CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Laura C. Scott et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of targeted wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in a university campus during Fall 2020 semester, and found that the temporal trends of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater samples mirrored trends in detected COVID-19 cases on campus. Normalizing SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations using a human fecal indicator, PMMV, enhanced the correlation between N1 and N2 gene abundances in wastewater with COVID-19 cases.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Cynthia Gibas et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic poses increased risks of illness in group environments, prompting interest in wastewater-based epidemiology as a tool for outbreak mitigation. A pilot program at UNC Charlotte demonstrated the effectiveness of wastewater surveillance in detecting asymptomatic cases and complementing existing monitoring strategies on campus.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shuchen Feng et al.
Summary: Wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 can help assess infection burden, but measurement variability and its relationship to case data need to be considered. Research showed that a minimum of two samples collected per week were needed to maintain accuracy in trend analysis.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Maxwell L. Wilder et al.
Summary: This study presents an ultracentrifugation-based method for concentrating SARS-CoV-2 wastewater RNA and uses crAssphage to help account for RNA loss. Using this method, SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected within as little as 4.5 hours, with stronger signals potentially indicative of greater COVID-19 incidence. Additionally, lower DNA concentrations of crAssphage were observed during periods of high flow.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matteo Chinazzi et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peter Forster et al.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2020)
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Gertjan Medema et al.
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Rowena A. Bull et al.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
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Biochemical Research Methods
Heng Li
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Biochemical Research Methods
Wouter De Coster et al.
Editorial Material
Infectious Diseases
Yuelong Shu et al.
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Virology
E. M. Volz et al.
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jana Trifinopoulos et al.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
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APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
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Klaus Peter Schliep
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Stephen A. Bustin et al.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
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E Haramoto et al.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
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