Development trends of the national secure PNT system based on BDS

Satellite navigation systems are vulnerable. To guarantee the positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) safety of core infrastructure, it is necessary to establish a secure PNT system with hybrid physical principles. In this paper, the augmentations of the BeiDou satellite system (BDS) itself are analysed, namely augmentations through the BDS inter-satellite link, BDS geostationary orbit (GEO) and inclined geostationary orbit (IGSO) satellites, and BDS PNT services supported by low earth orbit (LEO) satellites. Then, taking BDS as the core component, the comprehensive PNT infrastructure seamlessly covering deep space and deep ocean is described, consisting of the deep space PNT constellation, the sea-floor PNT sonar beacon network, and the ground-based low frequency and very low frequency (VLF) long wave radio stations. Moreover, the key technologies of resilient PNT application matching comprehensive PNT and various autonomous perception PNT information are discussed, such as resilient PNT sensor integration, the resilient PNT functional model and the resilient stochastic model. As a future development direction, the key factors of intelligent PNT services are analysed, including the intelligent perception of PNT application scenes, the intelligent optimization of PNT functional and stochastic models and the intelligent fusion of multisource PNT information.

Automated summary

To ensure the safety of core infrastructure in terms of positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT), it is crucial to establish a secure PNT system using hybrid physical principles. This paper analyzes the augmentations of the BeiDou satellite system (BDS), including inter-satellite link augmentations, geostationary orbit (GEO) and inclined geostationary orbit (IGSO) satellites, and PNT services supported by low earth orbit (LEO) satellites. The comprehensive PNT infrastructure described in this paper, centered around BDS, covers deep space and deep ocean, incorporating deep space PNT constellation, sea-floor PNT sonar beacon network, and ground-based low frequency and very low frequency (VLF) long wave radio stations. Additionally, key technologies for resilient PNT application, intelligent PNT services, and integration of autonomous perception PNT information are discussed.