Atmospheric nourishment of global ocean ecosystems

Over the vast open ocean, vital nutrients for phytoplankton growth in the sunlit surface layer are largely provided through physical transport from deep waters, but some nutrients are also provided through atmospheric deposition of desert dust. The extent and magnitude of dust-mediated effects on surface ocean ecosystems have been difficult to estimate globally. In this work, we use global satellite ocean color products to demonstrate widespread responses to atmospheric dust deposition across a diverse continuum of phytoplankton nutritional conditions. The observed responses vary regionally, with some areas exhibiting substantial changes in phytoplankton biomass, whereas in other areas, the response reflects a change in physiological status or health. Climate-driven changes in atmospheric aerosols will alter the relative importance of this nutrient source.

Automated summary

By using global satellite ocean color products, this study demonstrates that atmospheric dust deposition plays a significant role in providing vital nutrients for phytoplankton growth in the surface layer of the ocean. The responses to dust deposition vary regionally, with some areas experiencing substantial changes in phytoplankton biomass, while in other areas, the response is reflected in a change in physiological status or health. Climate-driven changes in atmospheric aerosols will alter the relative importance of this nutrient source.