4.7 Article

Speciation and transformation of nitrogen in the hydrothermal liquefaction of wastewater-treated duckweed for the bio-oil production

期刊

RENEWABLE ENERGY
卷 204, 期 -, 页码 661-670

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PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2023.01.064

关键词

Wastewater-treated duckweed; Hydrothermal liquefaction; Bio-oil; Nitrogen transformation

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Bio-oil production from wastewater-treated duckweed by hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) was studied to investigate the effect of reaction conditions on nitrogen transformation. The highest bio-oil yield of 34.7 wt% was obtained at 360 degrees C, 60 min. The nitrogen in the bio-oil mainly existed as nitrogen-containing heterocycles and amides, with pyrazines and imidazole being the dominant nitrogen species.
Bio-oil production from wastewater-treated duckweed by hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a sustainable development mode. In this study, the effect of reaction conditions on nitrogen transformation during HTL of wastewater-treated duckweed for bio-oil production was investigated. GC-MS, FT-ICR-MS and XPS were used to characterize the nitrogen speciation in each product. The highest bio-oil yield of 34.7 wt% was obtained at 360 degrees C, 60 min. The maximum high heating value (HHV) and energy recovery of bio-oil separately reached 36.41 MJ/kg and 86.11%. As the temperature increased (240 degrees C-360 degrees C), more nitrogen (21.14%-35.50%) migrated to the bio-oil and mainly existed in the form of nitrogen-containing heterocycles and amides. Higher temperatures favored the acylation reaction to produce more amides, while the Maillard reaction was hindered resulting in a decrease in the relative content of nitrogen-containing heterocycles. N2 species such as pyrazines, imidazole were the dominant organic nitrogen species. In the aqueous phase, the nitrogen recovery decreased from 44.7% to 39.3%, and pyridine, pyrimidine and pyrrolidine were the most abundant organic nitrogen forms. The nitrogen distributed to the solid residue decreased from 21.1% to 5.1%, with pyridine-N becoming the dominant nitrogen species at temperatures above 320 degrees C.

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