Digital twin of electric vehicle battery systems: Comprehensive review of the use cases, requirements, and platforms

Transportation electrification has been fueled by recent advancements in the technology and manufacturing of battery systems, but the industry yet is facing serious challenges that could be addressed using cutting-edge digital technologies. One such novel technology is based on the digital twining of battery systems. Digital twins (DTs) of batteries utilize advanced multi-layer models, artificial intelligence, advanced sensing units, Internet-of-Things technologies, and cloud computing techniques to provide a virtual live representation of the real battery system (the physical twin) to improve the performance, safety, and cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, they orchestrate the operation of the entire battery value chain offering great advantages, such as improving the economy of manufacturing, re-purposing, and recycling processes. In this context, various studies have been carried out discussing the DT applications and use cases from cloud-enabled battery management systems to the digitalization of battery testing. This work provides a comprehensive review of different possible use cases, key enabling technologies, and requirements for battery DTs. The review inclusively discusses the use cases, development/integration platforms, as well as hardware and software requirements for implementation of the battery DTs, including electrical topics related to the modeling and algorithmic approaches, software architec-tures, and digital platforms for DT development and integration. The existing challenges are identified and circumstances that will create enough value to justify these challenges, such as the added costs, are discussed.

Automated summary

Transportation electrification has seen advancements in battery technology and manufacturing, but faces challenges that can be overcome with digital twining. Digital twins utilize advanced models, AI, sensing units, IoT, and cloud computing to improve performance, safety, and cost-effectiveness of battery systems. Various studies have discussed applications and use cases for digital twins in battery management, testing, and the entire value chain. This comprehensive review examines potential use cases, enabling technologies, and requirements for battery digital twins, including electrical topics and software architectures.