Luminescent 3D printed poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical properties

The three-dimensional (3D) printing of functional composite materials has gained tremendous interest in recent years. Nevertheless, research on 3D printing of luminescent composite materials is very limited, and the mechanical properties of such 3D-printed composites are poor. Herein, we report the preparation and characterization of a poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composite that, when 3D printed, exhibits enhanced toughness and high solid-state fluorescence quantum yield. Incorporation of only 1 wt% pyrene butyric acid modified cellulose nanofibers (PBA-m-CNF) and l0 wt% thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) into PLA led to 223% increase in toughness and 21% increase in tensile modulus of PLA. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray microcomputed tomography (mu-CT) analysis of the fractured cross-sections of 3D printed composites revealed a ductile failure mode. The PLA/PBA-m-CNF1/TPU10 3D printed composite also exhibited a high solid-state fluorescence quantum yield of 38.35%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to show both enhanced mechanical properties and high solid-state fluorescence emission for 3D printable PLA. Such functional PLA composites could have potential applications in the fabrication of complex-shaped sensors, optical light pipes, etc.

Automated summary

The research on 3D printing of luminescent composite materials with enhanced mechanical properties has been limited. In this study, a PLA composite with improved toughness and high solid-state fluorescence quantum yield was prepared and characterized. The addition of only 1 wt% PBA-m-CNF and 10 wt% TPU into PLA led to a significant increase in toughness and tensile modulus. The 3D printed composite exhibited a ductile failure mode and a high solid-state fluorescence quantum yield. The findings suggest the potential applications of such functional PLA composites in the fabrication of complex-shaped sensors and optical light pipes.