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Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cecylia S. Lupala et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus has resulted in over 270 million infections and 5.3 million deaths worldwide. The emergence of the Omicron variant has raised concerns about reducing vaccine efficacy and neutralizing antibodies due to its numerous mutations. Analysis indicates that the Omicron variant binds more strongly to the human ACE2 protein, with mutations at the ACE2-RBD interface enhancing tight binding through increased hydrogen bonding interactions and enlarged buried solvent accessible surface area.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pengcheng Han et al.
Summary: The study found that the omicron variant, unlike other variants, has a similar affinity to the human receptor ACE2 as the prototype variant. Multiple mutations in the omicron variant may compensate for both immune escape and transmissibility. The complex structures of the omicron and delta variants binding to ACE2 provide insights into how specific mutations affect the binding.
Article
Microbiology
Alba Escalera et al.
Summary: This study characterized the spike polymorphisms of the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and investigated their impact on transmissibility and virus pathogenicity. The findings showed that specific substitutions enhance viral replication and spike protein cleavage, leading to increased transmission efficiency in infection models and human airway systems.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2022)
Article
Virology
Suresh Kumar et al.
Summary: The emergence of the new SARS-CoV-2 variant, Omicron, has raised concerns due to its potential high affinity for human ACE2, indicating a higher transmission potential. Compared to the Delta variant, Omicron has a significantly different amino acid composition and protein structure, which may affect its stability and ACE2 binding.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Virology
Dandan Tian et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in Botswana in November 2021 and has since become the dominant strain in many countries. With a high number of mutations, it presents new challenges for preventing and controlling COVID-19. This review aims to provide a scientific reference by analyzing and summarizing the biological characteristics, epidemic features, immune escape, and vaccine reactivity of the Omicron variant.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Delphine Planas et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, identified in November 2021, has spread rapidly worldwide and shows resistance to most therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and vaccine-elicited antibodies. However, it can be neutralized by antibodies generated by a booster vaccine dose.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Juan Manuel Carreno et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, first identified in South Africa and Botswana in November 2021, has rapidly spread globally with high transmissibility. It has an unprecedented number of mutations in its spike gene, leading to immune escape and reduced vaccine efficacy. The neutralizing and binding activity against Omicron varies among individuals with different vaccination and infection histories.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yunlong Cao et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 contains 15 mutations in the receptor-binding domain, leading to evasion of over 85% of tested neutralizing antibodies. Different epitope groups of neutralizing antibodies are affected to varying degrees by single mutations of Omicron. Antibodies targeting the conserved region of sarbecovirus remain most effective against Omicron.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dhiraj Mannar et al.
Summary: The newly reported Omicron variant shows new salt bridges and hydrogen bonds formed by mutated residues in the receptor binding domain, compensating for reduced ACE2 binding affinity. It also exhibits increased antibody evasion, which likely contributes to its rapid spread.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
A. Danielle Iuliano et al.
MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT
(2022)
Letter
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ying Liu et al.
JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sophie M-C Gobeil et al.
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, aided by extensive spike protein mutation, has surpassed the previously dominant Delta variant. Cryo-EM structures of the Omicron and Delta spikes reveal the conformational impacts of mutations, with the Omicron spike showing a tightly packed RBD organization and increased flexibility at the fusion peptide site.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kejun Guo et al.
Summary: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with enhanced resistance to interferons suggests that evasion of innate immunity may be a driving force in the evolution of the virus.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Tonino Alonzi et al.
Summary: The aminothiol cysteamine has been found to have direct antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants, in addition to the wild type virus. This suggests that cysteamine could be a potential candidate as a repurposing drug for the treatment of COVID-19, and further investigation in clinical trials is warranted.
CELL DEATH DISCOVERY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Ismail Celik et al.
Summary: Since the COVID-19 pandemic began in late 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has continuously evolved, giving rise to multiple variants. Through protein-protein interaction studies, we investigated how five SARS-CoV-2 variants interact with the hACE2 receptor in host cells, finding that these variations impact the binding of the spike protein to hACE2.
Review
Microbiology
Ben Hu et al.
Summary: This review summarizes the research progress on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, including virology characteristics, pathogenesis, and recent advances in treatment methods. Furthermore, it discusses in detail the potential wildlife hosts and zoonotic origin of this emerging virus.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
To Sing Fung et al.
Summary: Three deadly zoonotic coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, have emerged in humans in less than two decades, leading to severe respiratory diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a crisis in global health care and socio-economic development, highlighting the constantly evolving nature of coronaviruses. Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms and host immune responses is crucial in developing effective strategies for prevention and treatment.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF MICROBIOLOGY, VOL 75, 2021
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Le-le Ma et al.
Summary: COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 remains a challenge in limiting its spread, with natural products showing significant effects on patients. Screening S protein-ACE2 blockers from natural sources is a feasible strategy for treatment.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aditya K. Padhi et al.
Summary: With the use of mutational mapping, it was predicted that only a few mutations in the nsp12 subunit of RdRp are needed for SARS-CoV-2 to develop resistance to remdesivir. Certain mutations resulted in decreased binding affinity to remdesivir, indicating drug resistance. Identifying potential hotspot residues prone to mutation improves our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 drug resistance and COVID-19 pathogenesis.
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ewen Callaway
Review
Immunology
Dandan Tian et al.
Summary: The Delta variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, first reported in India in October 2020 and classified as a variant of concern by the WHO in May 2021, is highly transmissible and associated with increased hospitalization, ICU admission, and mortality rates. It has become the dominant strain in many countries globally.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ding Shi et al.
Summary: The serum metabolome of COVID-19 patients is distinctive and can be used for investigating pathogenesis, determining a diagnosis, predicting severe cases, and improving treatment. Specific metabolites were found to distinguish COVID-19 patients from healthy controls and predict disease progression, with some being recovered after discharge.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Aziz Sheikh et al.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Kaiming Tao et al.
Summary: The emergence of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants has significant impacts on the epidemiological and clinical aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including increased virus transmission rates, heightened risk of reinfection, and reduced effectiveness of neutralizing antibodies and vaccines. These variants have introduced new challenges to COVID-19 research, necessitating additional avenues of laboratory, epidemiological, and clinical studies.
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
William T. Harvey et al.
Summary: The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has been characterized by the emergence of mutations and variants that impact virus characteristics. Manufacturers are preparing for possible updates to vaccines in response to changes in the virus population, and it is crucial to monitor genetic and antigenic changes alongside experiments to understand the impacts of mutations.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qihui Wang et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yasunori Watanabe et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jun Lan et al.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Martine Besouw et al.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2013)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
LS Zisman et al.
