4.5 Article

Metabolic Alterations in Streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced Diabetic Rats Treated with Muntingia calabura Extract via 1H-NMR-based Metabolomics

期刊

PLANTA MEDICA
卷 89, 期 9, 页码 916-934

出版社

GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG
DOI: 10.1055/a-2053-0950

关键词

Muntingia calabura; Muntingiaceae; STZ-NA-induced diabetic rats; 1H-NMR-based metabolomics; carbohydrate metabolism; cofactors and vitamins metabolism; urine metabolites

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This study aims to investigate the antidiabetic potential of Muntingia calabura (MC) on a STZ-NA-induced diabetic rat model. Treatment with MC extract showed favorable serum creatinine, urea, and glucose lowering capacity. Metabolomic analysis identified nine biomarkers that distinguish between diabetic control and normal groups. The induction of diabetes altered various metabolic pathways, but treatment with MC extract improved carbohydrate metabolism and other metabolic pathways.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic endocrine disorder caused by decreased insulin concentration or poor insulin response. Muntingia calabura (MC) has been used traditionally to reduce blood glucose levels. This study aims to support the traditional claim of MC as a functional food and blood-glucose-lowering regimen. The antidiabetic potential of MC is tested on a streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA)-induced diabetic rat model by using the 1H-NMR-based metabolomic approach. Serum biochemical analyses reveal that treatment with 250 mg/kg body weight (bw) standardized freeze-dried (FD) 50% ethanolic MC extract (MCE 250) shows favorable serum creatinine (37.77 +/- 3.53 mu M), urea (5.98 +/- 0.84mM) and glucose (7.36 +/- 0.57mM) lowering capacity, which was comparable to the standard drug, metformin. The clear separation between diabetic control (DC) and normal group in principal component analysis indicates the successful induction of diabetes in the STZ-NA-induced type 2 diabetic rat model. A total of nine biomarkers, including allantoin, glucose, methylnicotinamide, lactate, hippurate, creatine, dimethylamine, citrate and pyruvate are identified in rats' urinary profile, discriminating DC and normal groups through orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis. Induction of diabetes by STZ-NA is due to alteration in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, gluconeogenesis pathway, pyruvate metabolism and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Oral treatment with MCE 250 in STZ-NA-induced diabetic rats shows improvement in the altered carbohydrate metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolic pathway, as well as purine and homocysteine metabolism.

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