☆ 4.7 Review

Ginsenoside Rh2: A shining and potential natural product in the treatment of human nonmalignant and malignant diseases in the near future

PHYTOMEDICINE (2023)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits CBP/p300-mediated FOXO3a acetylation and epilepsy-induced oxidative damage via the FOXO3a-KEAP1-NRF2 pathway

Jingheng Wu et al.

Summary: Epilepsy is a chronic disease that affects a wide range of people, and one-third of patients do not respond to antiepileptic drugs. Oxidative stress has been recognized as playing a role in acquired epilepsy, and targeting oxidative stress with adjuvant antiepileptic drugs may be a new therapeutic strategy. This study reveals the resistance of ginsenoside Rh2 to oxidative stress induced by epileptic activity and identifies the overexpression of FOXO3a in epilepsy tissue, which leads to more severe oxidative stress. In addition, the study uncovers the involvement of the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway in regulating oxidative stress and demonstrates the ability of ginsenoside Rh2 to inhibit the activation of FOXO3a, thus providing potential targets for the development of new treatments for epilepsy.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY (2023)

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Review Chemistry, Medicinal

Preparation and bioactivity of the rare ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2: An updated review

Wenqi Xu et al.

Summary: Ginseng, an ancient medicinal herb, is traditionally used in oriental medicine for treating various diseases. Saponins, the main bioactive components of ginseng, have limited efficacy due to the presence of multiple glucosyl side chains. Recent research has focused on preparing rare ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2, which are easier to absorb and have higher drug activity. These rare ginsenosides show promising effects in improving immune function and have potential as drugs for various diseases. However, further research is needed to improve production methods and clarify their underlying mechanisms of action.

FITOTERAPIA (2023)

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Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Ginsenoside Rg2 Ameliorating CDAHFD-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis by Regulating AKT/mTOR-Mediated Autophagy

Ziwei He et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that G-Rg2 can improve liver issues induced by a high-fat diet, including its anti-fibrosis effects and impact on the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Probable Mechanisms of Doxorubicin Antitumor Activity Enhancement by Ginsenoside Rh2

Alexander Popov et al.

Summary: Ginsenoside Rh2 enhances the efficacy of doxorubicin treatment in murine models of solid and ascites Ehrlich's adenocarcinoma by suppressing tumor cell adhesion and invasion. Rh2 also reduces the toxicity of doxorubicin towards non-cancerous cells by activating the Nrf2-driven antioxidant program.

MOLECULES (2022)

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Article Plant Sciences

Apocynum venetum leaf extract alleviated doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity through the AKT/Bcl-2 signaling pathway

Yang Zhang et al.

Summary: Apocynum venetum L. leaf extract alleviates doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis through the AKT/Bcl-2 signaling pathway.

PHYTOMEDICINE (2022)

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Article Plant Sciences

Effects of G-Rh2 on mast cell-mediated anaphylaxis via AKT-Nrf2/NF-?B and MAPK-Nrf2/NF-?B pathways

Chang Xu et al.

Summary: The study found that G-Rh2 has an inhibitory effect on mast cell-mediated allergic reactions, which may be mediated through the AKT-Nrf2/NF-kB and p38MAPK-Nrf2/NF-kB signaling pathways.

JOURNAL OF GINSENG RESEARCH (2022)

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Review Plant Sciences

Ginsenosides are active ingredients in Panax ginseng with immunomodulatory properties from cellular to organismal levels

Long You et al.

Summary: The immune system plays a crucial role in the human body, with immunomodulation being its main function. Ginsenosides, derived from ginseng, have both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive effects.

JOURNAL OF GINSENG RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Plant Sciences

Ginsenoside Rh2 reduces depression in offspring of mice with maternal toxoplasma infection during pregnancy by inhibiting microglial activation via the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway

Xiang Xu et al.

Summary: This study demonstrated that GRh2 ameliorated depression-like behavior in mouse offspring of maternal T. gondii infection during pregnancy by attenuating excessive microglial activation and neuroinflammation through the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-kappa B signaling pathway. It suggests that GRh2 could be considered a potential therapy in preventing and treating psychiatric disorders in the offspring of mothers with prenatal exposure to T. gondii infection.

JOURNAL OF GINSENG RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits breast cancer cell growth via ERβ-TNFα pathway

Kunjian Peng et al.

Summary: This study found that ginsenoside Rh2 can promote TNFα-induced cell apoptosis and G1/S phase arrest by regulating estrogen receptor beta.

ACTA BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA SINICA (2022)

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Article Cell Biology

Ginsenoside Rh2 mitigates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting apoptotic and inflammatory damage and weakening pathological remodelling in breast cancer-bearing mice

Jingang Hou et al.

Summary: The study found that ginsenoside Rh2 can reduce the cardiotoxicity caused by doxorubicin (Dox) by inhibiting cardiac histopathological changes, apoptosis, necrosis, and inflammation. Rh2 also attenuates pathological remodeling by reducing fibroblast to myofibroblast transition (FMT) and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). RNA-sequencing analysis showed that Dox treatment predominantly targets cell cycle and microtubule attachment, while Rh2 regulates these effects. Interestingly, Rh2 also attenuates fibrosis by promoting senescence in myofibroblasts and reversing established myofibroblast differentiation in EndMT.

CELL PROLIFERATION (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Excess intracellular ATP causes neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury

Nobuhiko Nakajima et al.

Summary: Intractable neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury (NP-SCI) reduces a patient's quality of life. Excessive buildup of intracellular ATP at the lesion site leads to the release of ATP with mechanical stimulation, causing NP-SCI. Neuroinflammation plays an important role in this process.

CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Ginsenoside Rh2 sensitizes the anti-cancer effects of sunitinib by inducing cell cycle arrest in renal cell carcinoma

Hyun Ji Hwang et al.

Summary: This study found that the combination therapy of ginsenoside and sunitinib significantly enhances the inhibition of cell viability in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cells, and inhibits cell proliferation by inducing oxidative DNA damage.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2022)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Saponins and their derivatives: Potential candidates to alleviate anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity and multidrug resistance

Pei-Rong Qu et al.

Summary: Anthracyclines (ANTs) play an irreplaceable role in oncology treatment, but their clinical application is limited due to cardiotoxicity and multidrug resistance (MDR). Natural compounds, including saponins, have been found to be potential agents for protecting the heart and reversing MDR caused by ANTs. This review summarizes previous research on the mechanisms of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) and MDR, and highlights the pharmacological effects and potential molecular targets of saponins and their derivatives in inhibiting AIC and reversing MDR, aiming to encourage future research and clinical trials.

PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Plant Sciences

Ginsenoside Rh2 attenuates CDAHFD-induced liver fibrosis in mice by improving intestinal microbial composition and regulating LPS-mediated autophagy

Siyu Chen et al.

Summary: The research shows that G-Rh2 can alleviate liver fibrosis by repairing intestinal injury, improving intestinal microbial composition, reducing plasma LPS levels, and activating the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway.

PHYTOMEDICINE (2022)

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Article Behavioral Sciences

Ginsenoside Rh2 administration produces crucial antidepressant-like effects in a CUMS-induced mice model of depression

Lin-Sheng Shi et al.

Summary: This study investigated the antidepressant effects and mechanisms of action of Ginsenoside Rh2 in a depression animal model. The results showed that Rh2 reduced depressive-like symptoms and promoted the activation of the BDNF signaling pathway.

BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR (2022)

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Article Immunology

Ginsenoside Rh2 Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Improves Exosomes to Alleviate Hypoxia-Induced Myocardial Injury

Zhongwen Qi et al.

Summary: The study found that Ginsenoside Rh2 could improve the inflammatory microenvironment after acute myocardial infarction and enhance the protective effect of exosomes against myocardial injury, providing new insights into the modification of exosomes in MI treatment.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

(20S) Ginsenoside Rh2-Activated, Distinct Apoptosis Pathways in Highly and Poorly Differentiated Human Esophageal Cancer Cells

He Li et al.

Summary: Ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2) exhibits potent cytotoxic activity against highly differentiated and poorly differentiated esophageal cancer cells, inducing apoptosis through the activation of the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic pathway. Furthermore, G-Rh2 upregulates the expression of death receptors and activates Caspase-8 in poorly differentiated esophageal cancer cells.

MOLECULES (2022)

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Article Neurosciences

Ginsenoside Rh2 Ameliorates Neuropathic Pain by inhibition of the miRNA21-TLR8-mitogen-activated protein kinase axis

Yuan-Yuan Fu et al.

Summary: This study found that Ginsenoside Rh2 can relieve neuropathic pain induced by spinal nerve injury by inhibiting the miRNA-21-TLR8-MAPK signaling pathway.

MOLECULAR PAIN (2022)

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Article Integrative & Complementary Medicine

Ginsenoside Rh2 Regulates the CFAP20DC-AS1/MicroRNA-3614-3p/BBX and TNFAIP3 Axis to Induce Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells

Jae Eun Park et al.

Summary: This study investigates the regulatory activity of long noncoding RNA CFAP20DC-AS1 and its interaction with miR-3614-3p in the anticancer mechanism of Rh2. The study reveals that Rh2 inhibits CFAP20DC-AS1, obscuring the interaction between the lncRNA and miR-3614-3p, leading to the suppression of anticancer genes BBX and TNFAIP3, thereby achieving antiproliferation activity.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2-induced apoptosis and protective autophagy in cervical cancer cells by inhibiting AMPK/mTOR pathway

Shuai Bian et al.

Summary: 20(S)-GRh2 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in HeLa cells by activating intrinsic apoptotic pathway and causing mitochondrial dysfunction, while enhancing autophagy by promoting AMPK phosphorylation and suppressing mTOR activity. The use of autophagy inhibitors enhances 20(S)-GRh2-induced apoptosis, while autophagy inducers promote cell survival. Additionally, the protective autophagy induced by 20(S)-GRh2 inhibits the AMPK/mTOR pathway, promoting apoptosis in cervical cancer cells.

BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY (2022)

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Article Oncology

Oral microbial dysbiosis and its performance in predicting oral cancer

Shih-Chi Su et al.

Summary: Dysbiosis of the oral microbiome may dictate the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), with risky behaviors and individuals' oral health condition affecting the composition of the oral microbiome. Disruptions in the oral microbial population, particularly related to oral tumorigenicity, have been identified in OSCC patients, indicating a potential functional role of oral microbiome in formulating a tumor microenvironment and influencing the production of tumor-suppressive metabolites. Furthermore, microbial signatures related to oral cancer have been successfully replicated across discovery and validation cohorts.

CARCINOGENESIS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Ginseng: A bibliometric analysis of 40-year journey of global clinical trials

Weijie Chen et al.

Summary: The review provides an extensive overview of ginseng clinical trials over the past 40 years. It analyzes the global network of ginseng clinical trials, highlighting regional distribution and the significant contributions of South Korea and universities. The review also emphasizes the need for rigorous investigations and evidence to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of ginseng products.

JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Protective effect of ginsenoside Rh2 on scopolamine-induced memory deficits through regulation of cholinergic transmission, oxidative stress and theERK-CREB-BDNFsignaling pathway

Jingwei Lv et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that Rh2 treatment effectively improved memory deficits induced by Scop in mice by modulating the cholinergic system, inhibiting oxidative stress, and activating the ERK-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway. These findings suggest that Rh2 may be a promising candidate compound for treating Alzheimer's disease.

PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Pharmacokinetics of Ginsenoside Rh2, the Major Anticancer Ingredient of Ginsenoside H Dripping Pills, in Healthy Subjects

Zhenlei Wang et al.

Summary: The pharmacokinetics study of ginsenoside Rh2, the major anticancer ingredient of GH, in healthy volunteers showed that Rh2 was absorbed at a moderate speed, with exposure being dose-dependent. Plasma concentration of Rh2 reached steady state after oral administration of GH twice daily for 5 days, with no obvious accumulation in exposure parameters in the multiple-dose study.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT (2021)

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Article Oncology

20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 Suppresses Oral Cancer Cell Growth by Inhibiting the Src-Raf-ERK Signaling Pathway

Haibo Zhang et al.

Summary: Research has shown that 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 exerts anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in oral cancer cells, inhibits cell migration and invasion, and achieves these functions by regulating EMT-related proteins.

ANTICANCER RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Oncology

Cancer Statistics, 2021

Rebecca L. Siegel et al.

Summary: Every year, the American Cancer Society projects the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the United States, with the latest data showing a significant decline in lung cancer mortality, while prostate cancer mortality has plateaued and breast and colorectal cancer mortality have slowed. Improvements in treatment have accelerated progress against lung cancer, leading to a record drop in overall cancer mortality.

CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Pan-PPAR agonist lanifibranor improves portal hypertension and hepatic fibrosis in experimental advanced chronic liver disease

Zoe Boyer-Diaz et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that lanifibranor improves portal hypertension and liver fibrosis, two key elements of the pathophysiology of ACLD, in preclinical models of the disease. Evaluation of lanifibranor in liver cells from patients with ACLD further supports its beneficial effects.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Total saponin extract, ginsenoside Rb1, and compound K alleviate peripheral and central neuropathic pain through estrogen receptors on rats

Jee Youn Lee et al.

Summary: The study showed that total saponin extract (TSE), ginsenoside Rb1, and compound K derived from red ginseng have potential antinociceptive effects against neuropathic pain, alleviating allodynia and hyperalgesia induced by peripheral and central neuropathic pain. Additionally, the antinociceptive effects of TSE and Rb1 were found to be mediated through the estrogen receptor (ER), and compound K also demonstrated significant alleviation of both types of neuropathic pain.

PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Oncology

Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries

Hyuna Sung et al.

Summary: The global cancer burden in 2020 saw an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases and almost 10.0 million cancer deaths. Female breast cancer surpassed lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer, while lung cancer remained the leading cause of cancer death. These trends are expected to rise in 2040, with transitioning countries experiencing a larger increase compared to transitioned countries due to demographic changes and risk factors associated with globalization and a growing economy. Efforts to improve cancer prevention measures and provision of cancer care in transitioning countries will be crucial for global cancer control.

CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

LINC00853 restrains T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia invasion and infiltration by regulating CCR9/CCL25

Jingyuan Li et al.

Summary: This study identified a negative correlation between LINC00853 and CCR9 expression in T-ALL, with LINC00853 suppressing cell migration and invasion by regulating the CCR9/CCL25 pathway.

MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Oncology

Ginsenoside Rh2 stimulates the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and induces apoptosis of cervical cancer cells by inhibiting mitochondrial electron transfer chain complex

Ying Liu et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated the potential anti-cervical cancer activity of G-Rh2 by inhibiting mitochondrial complex activity to induce apoptosis in cervical cancer cells.

MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS (2021)

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Article Plant Sciences

Ginsenoside Rh2 alleviates ulcerative colitis by regulating the STAT3/miR-214 signaling pathway

Xuanqing Chen et al.

Summary: The study found that Rh2 exhibits potential application value in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC), and its mechanism is related to the downregulation of STAT3/miR-214 levels.

JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Strategies for Remodeling the Tumor Microenvironment Using Active Ingredients of Ginseng-A Promising Approach for Cancer Therapy

Mo Li et al.

Summary: This review summarizes the functions and mechanisms of ginseng active components in regulating the tumor microenvironment. Ginsenosides and ginseng polysaccharides play crucial roles in anti-tumor effects by modulating TME, including inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, regulating immune cell function, and suppressing cancer stem cell stemness. Furthermore, ginseng may impact the tumor immune microenvironment through the restoration of gut microbiota.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2021)

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Article Oncology

Ginsenoside Rh2 Inhibits Glycolysis through the STAT3/c-MYC Axis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Xiaodan Sun et al.

Summary: Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits proliferation and metastasis of NSCLC cells by promoting apoptosis and suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Rh2 exerts a glycolysis inhibition effect by regulating key enzymes of the glycolysis process, and its metabolic shift function is dependent on the STAT3/c-Myc axis.

JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY (2021)

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Review Oncology

Thyroid cancer, recent advances in diagnosis and therapy

Fadi Nabhan et al.

Summary: The diagnosis and management of patients with follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer has evolved to be more personalized over recent decades, with advancements in molecular technologies enabling tailored treatment options for patients with more aggressive forms of the disease. Guidelines from various societies worldwide emphasize the importance of an individualized approach to clinical management in this field.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER (2021)

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Review Oncology

Resveratrol effects in oral cancer cells: a comprehensive review

Tamires Cunha Almeida et al.

Summary: Oral cancer is a common tumor with high incidence and mortality worldwide, and the current treatments often have high failure rates and toxicity. Therefore, the search for new drugs for more effective treatment is necessary. Natural products, such as resveratrol, with chemopreventive and anti-cancer effects, show promise in the treatment of oral cancer.

MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (2021)

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Review Neurosciences

Contribution of colony-stimulating factor 1 to neuropathic pain

Xiaobing Yu et al.

Summary: Molecular and cellular interactions between spinal dorsal horn neurons and microglia, as well as reciprocal interactions between macrophages and nociceptive sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion, play important roles in the induction and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Understanding the signaling mechanisms involving colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) and its receptor (CSF1R) in microglia and macrophages could provide insights into the generation of neuropathic pain.

PAIN REPORTS (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Rh2-enriched Korean ginseng (Ginseng Rh2+) inhibits tumor growth and development of metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer

Shahar Lev-ari et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that Ginseng Rh2+ could inhibit the growth and metastatic capacity of NSCLC cells by inducing apoptosis, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits for NSCLC treatment.

FOOD & FUNCTION (2021)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Molecular and cellular mechanisms of liver fibrosis and its regression

Tatiana Kisseleva et al.

Summary: Chronic liver injury results in liver inflammation and fibrosis, which can be reversed by eliminating activated myofibroblasts and resorbing the fibrous scar. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying liver fibrosis and its reversibility can lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets for liver fibrosis treatment.

NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Plant Sciences

20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 displays efficacy against T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway

Ting Xia et al.

JOURNAL OF GINSENG RESEARCH (2020)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Berberine associated photodynamic therapy promotes autophagy and apoptosis via ROS generation in renal carcinoma cells

Tairine Zara Lopes et al.

BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY (2020)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Treatment Algorithm for Mild and Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis: An Update

Emanuel Burri et al.

DIGESTION (2020)

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Review Plant Sciences

Physiological and pharmacological features of the non-saponin components in Korean Red Ginseng

Sun Hee Hyun et al.

JOURNAL OF GINSENG RESEARCH (2020)

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Article Oncology

Effects of Subsequent Systemic Anticancer Medication Following First-Line Lenvatinib: A Post Hoc Responder Analysis from the Phase 3 REFLECT Study in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Angel Alsina et al.

LIVER CANCER (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

How Does Ginsenoside Rh2 Mitigate Adipogenesis in Cultured Cells and Obese Mice?

Longyun Zhang et al.

MOLECULES (2020)

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Review Cell Biology

Liver Fibrosis: Mechanistic Concepts and Therapeutic Perspectives

Natascha Roehlen et al.

CELLS (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Ginsenoside Rh2 impedes proliferation and migration and induces apoptosis by regulating NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways in osteosarcoma cells

Chenchen Li et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY (2020)

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Review Neurosciences

The Bidirectional Relationship of Depression and Inflammation: Double Trouble

Eleonore Beurel et al.

NEURON (2020)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

The interactions between gut microbiota and bioactive ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines: A review

Xue Gong et al.

PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Medicinal

New insight into 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 against T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia associated with the gut microbiota and the immune system

Ting Xia et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2020)

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Review Chemistry, Medicinal

Anticancer property of ginsenoside Rh2 from ginseng

Xun Li et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

Ginsenoside Rg3 promotes regression from hepatic fibrosis through reducing inflammation-mediated autophagy signaling pathway

Xiangxiang Liu et al.

CELL DEATH & DISEASE (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Assessment of a New Ginsenoside Rh2 Nanoniosomal Formulation for Enhanced Antitumor Efficacy on Prostate Cancer: An in vitro Study

Hadi Zare-Zardini et al.

DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Anti-Angiogenic Properties of Ginsenoside Rg3

Maryam Nakhjavani et al.

MOLECULES (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Targeting the HIF2-VEGF axis in renal cell carcinoma

Toni K. Choueiri et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Ulcerative colitis

Taku Kobayashi et al.

NATURE REVIEWS DISEASE PRIMERS (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Comprehensive Review on Alzheimer's Disease: Causes and Treatment

Zeinab Breijyeh et al.

MOLECULES (2020)

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Editorial Material Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Biological Activities of Natural Products

Halina Maria Ekiert et al.

MOLECULES (2020)

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Article Integrative & Complementary Medicine

Ginsenoside Rh2 represses autophagy to promote cervical cancer cell apoptosis during starvation

Jiawen Wang et al.

CHINESE MEDICINE (2020)

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Review Respiratory System

Update 2020: Management of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Mariam Alexander et al.

LUNG (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

miRNA-based biomarkers, therapies, and resistance in Cancer

Boxue He et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Burden of liver diseases in the world

Sumeet K. Asrani et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2019)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2019 Update A Report From the American Heart Association

Emelia J. Benjamin et al.

CIRCULATION (2019)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Ginsenoside Rh2 Ameliorates Doxorubicin-Induced Senescence Bystander Effect in Breast Carcinoma Cell MDA-MB-231 and Normal Epithelial Cell MCF-10A

Jin-Gang Hou et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2019)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Epilepsy in adults

Roland D. Thijs et al.

LANCET (2019)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Neuroprotective Effects of Ginsenosides against Cerebral Ischemia

Zhekang Cheng et al.

MOLECULES (2019)

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Review Oncology

Relapsed T Cell ALL: Current Approaches and New Directions

Christine M. McMahon et al.

CURRENT HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCY REPORTS (2019)

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Mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma progression

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WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2019)

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Research progress in the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and intestinal flora

Quantao Ma et al.

BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY (2019)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

M. D. Hellmann et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2019)

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Article Oncology

Cancer Progress and Priorities: Lung Cancer

Matthew B. Schabath et al.

CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Discovery of a novel 2,5-dihydroxycinnamic acid-based 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor that induces apoptosis and may impair autophagic flux in RCC4 renal cancer cells

Ayyoub Selka et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2019)

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Article Clinical Neurology

CDT2-controlled cell cycle reentry regulates the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease

Fang Huang et al.

ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA (2019)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Artesunate alleviates liver fibrosis by regulating ferroptosis signaling pathway

Zhaoyan Kong et al.

BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY (2019)

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Article Oncology

Cancer statistics, 2019

Rebecca L. Siegel et al.

CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS (2019)

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Review Anesthesiology

The IASP classification of chronic pain for ICD-11: chronic neuropathic pain

Joachim Scholz et al.

PAIN (2019)

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Article Behavioral Sciences

Ginsenoside Rh2 reverses sleep deprivation-induced cognitive deficit in mice

Cong Lu et al.

BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH (2018)

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Article Oncology

Modulation the crosstalk between tumor-associated macrophages and non-small cell lung cancer to inhibit tumor migration and invasion by ginsenoside Rh2

Honglin Li et al.

BMC CANCER (2018)

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Review Clinical Neurology

The cholinergic system in the pathophysiology and treatment of Alzheimer's disease

Harald Hampel et al.

BRAIN (2018)

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Article Oncology

Cervical cancer worldwide

Mailinh Vu et al.

CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CANCER (2018)

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Review Behavioral Sciences

Epilepsy is a neurological and a systemic disorder

Alan W. C. Yuen et al.

EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR (2018)

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Article Immunology

Study on antidepressant activity of chiisanoside in mice

Xingbo Bian et al.

INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY (2018)

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Review Oncology

Resistance to Systemic Therapies in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Mechanisms and Management Strategies

Peter Makhov et al.

MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS (2018)

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Article Anesthesiology

Pathophysiological mechanisms of neuropathic pain: comparison of sensory phenotypes in patients and human surrogate pain models

Jan Vollert et al.

PAIN (2018)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Natural products for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Pharmacology and mechanisms

Lina Xu et al.

PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH (2018)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Etiology and Pharmacology of Neuropathic Pain

Sascha R. A. Alles et al.

PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2018)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Preventive measures in oral cancer: An overview

Sharon D'souza et al.

BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY (2018)

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Article Oncology

Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries

Freddie Bray et al.

CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS (2018)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Hmwe Hmwe Kyu et al.

LANCET (2018)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Sunitinib-suppressed miR-452-5p facilitates renal cancer cell invasion and metastasis through modulating SMAD4/SMAD7 signals

Wei Zhai et al.

MOLECULAR CANCER (2018)

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Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences

ULCERATIVE COLITIS: TOWARDS REMISSION

Michael Eisenstein

NATURE (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Ginsenoside Rg3 and Rh2 protect trimethyltin-induced neurotoxicity via prevention on neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation

Jingang Hou et al.

PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH (2018)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Type-2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease

Robert J. Henning

FUTURE CARDIOLOGY (2018)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Ginsenoside Rh2 Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Regulating the TLR4/PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Raf-1/MEK/ERK, and Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathways in Mice

Yung-Hung Hsieh et al.

NUTRIENTS (2018)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 suppresses proliferation and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by targeting EZH2 to regulate CDKN2A-2B gene cluster transcription

Qi Li et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY (2017)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Anticancer effects of ginsenoside Rg3 (Review)

Mengyao Sun et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2017)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Ginsenoside Rh2 Improves Cardiac Fibrosis via PPARδ-STAT3 Signaling in Type 1-Like Diabetic Rats

Shih-Hsiang Lo et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2017)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Regorafenib for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who progressed on sorafenib treatment (RESORCE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

Jordi Bruix et al.

LANCET (2017)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Mortality assessment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma according to underlying disease and treatment modalities

Pegah Golabi et al.

MEDICINE (2017)

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Article Neurosciences

Acute anti-allodynic action of gabapentin in dorsal horn and primary somatosensory cortex: Correlation of behavioural and physiological data

Sascha R. A. Alles et al.

NEUROPHARMACOLOGY (2017)

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Review Anesthesiology

Risk factors for neuropathic pain in diabetes mellitus

Harry L. Hebert et al.

PAIN (2017)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

The diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Justin Hartke et al.

SEMINARS IN DIAGNOSTIC PATHOLOGY (2017)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Ginseng Extract G115 Attenuates Ethanol-Induced Depression in Mice by Increasing Brain BDNF Levels

Weerawan Boonlert et al.

NUTRIENTS (2017)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Natural history of thyroid cancer

Toru Takano

ENDOCRINE JOURNAL (2017)

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Article Oncology

Outcome of Children with Standard-Risk T-Lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Comparison among Different Treatment Strategies

Yousif Matloub et al.

PEDIATRIC BLOOD & CANCER (2016)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

The Biological Basis for Cardiac Repair After Myocardial Infarction From Inflammation to Fibrosis

Sumanth D. Prabhu et al.

CIRCULATION RESEARCH (2016)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Thyroid cancer

Maria E. Cabanillas et al.

LANCET (2016)

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Article Oncology

Anticancer effect of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 on HepG2 liver carcinoma cells: Activating GSK-3β and degrading β-catenin

Qingqiang Shi et al.

ONCOLOGY REPORTS (2016)

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Article Plant Sciences

Antitumoral Activity of (20R)- and (20S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 on Transplanted Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice

Qun Lv et al.

PLANTA MEDICA (2016)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Exposing the exposures responsible for type 2 diabetes and obesity

Paul W. Franks et al.

SCIENCE (2016)

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Article Integrative & Complementary Medicine

General and Genetic Toxicology of Enzyme-Treated Ginseng Extract - Toxicology of Ginseng Rh2+

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JOURNAL OF PHARMACOPUNCTURE (2016)

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Pancreatic Cancer: Pathogenesis and Diagnosis

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Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (2015)

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Review Hematology

Redefining ALL classification: toward detecting high-risk ALL and implementing precision medicine

Stephen P. Hunger et al.

BLOOD (2015)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Nanna B. Finnerup et al.

LANCET NEUROLOGY (2015)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Amyloid cascade hypothesis: Pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies in Alzheimer's disease

Sagar H. Barage et al.

NEUROPEPTIDES (2015)

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Review Oncology

Update on Head and Neck Cancer: Current Knowledge on Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Molecular Features and Novel Therapies

Francesca Pezzuto et al.

ONCOLOGY (2015)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Novel curcumin analogue 14p protects against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury through Nrf2-activating anti-oxidative activity

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TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY (2015)

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Article Psychiatry

Effects of antipsychotics, antidepressants and mood stabilizers on risk for physical diseases in people with schizophrenia, depression and bipolar disorder

Christoph U. Correll et al.

WORLD PSYCHIATRY (2015)

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Article Oncology

Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012

Jacques Ferlay et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER (2015)

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Article Oncology

The IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project: The New Database to Inform the Eighth Edition of the TNM Classification of Lung Cancer

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JOURNAL OF THORACIC ONCOLOGY (2014)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Ginsenoside Rh2 alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis via augmenting TGFβ signaling

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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS (2014)

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Review Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Recent trends in prevention of oral cancer

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JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF PREVENTIVE AND COMMUNITY DENTISTRY (2014)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Pharmacokinetic interactions between 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 and the HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir in vitro and in vivo

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ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA (2013)

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Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Ginsenoside Rh2 Improves Learning and Memory in Mice

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JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL FOOD (2013)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer

Emma J. Crosbie et al.

LANCET (2013)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Comprehensivemolecular characterization of clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Chad J. Creighton et al.

NATURE (2013)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

A genome-wide association study identifies two new cervical cancer susceptibility loci at 4q12 and 17q12

Yongyong Shi et al.

NATURE GENETICS (2013)

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Review Immunology

Comprehensive Control of Human Papillomavirus Infections and Related Diseases

F. Xavier Bosch et al.

VACCINE (2013)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Fate tracing reveals hepatic stellate cells as dominant contributors to liver fibrosis independent of its aetiology

Ingmar Mederacke et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2013)

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Review Nutrition & Dietetics

Protection of Dietary Polyphenols against Oral Cancer

Yijian Ding et al.

NUTRIENTS (2013)

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Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Structural modification of ginsenoside Rh2 by fatty acid esterification and its detoxification property in antitumor

Gong-Qing Wei et al.

BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS (2012)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Antihyperglycemic Effect of Ginsenoside Rh2 by Inducing Islet beta-cell Regeneration in Mice

Y. Wang et al.

HORMONE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH (2012)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Ginsenoside Rh2 Induces Human Hepatoma Cell Apoptosis via Bax/Bak Triggered Cytochrome C Release and Caspase-9/Caspase-8 Activation

Xiao-Xi Guo et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2012)

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Article Oncology

A novel role for insulin resistance in the connection between obesity and postmenopausal breast cancer

Michael Weichhaus et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY (2012)

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Correction Clinical Neurology

Adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs (vol 11, pg 792, 2012)

P. Perucca et al.

LANCET NEUROLOGY (2012)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs

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LANCET NEUROLOGY (2012)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Pancreatic cancer

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LANCET (2011)

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Article Oncology

Circulating Steroid Hormone Levels and Risk of Breast Cancer for Postmenopausal Women

Laura Baglietto et al.

CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION (2010)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Pharmacokinetic characterization of ginsenoside Rh2, an anticancer nutrient from ginseng, in rats and dogs

Yi Gu et al.

FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY (2009)

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Article Oncology

Efficacy and safety of sorafenib in patients in the Asia-Pacific region with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase III randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Ann-Lii Cheng et al.

LANCET ONCOLOGY (2009)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Clinical course during the first 10 years of ulcerative colitis: results from a population-based inception cohort (IBSEN Study)

Inger Camilla Solberg et al.

SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2009)

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Article Oncology

FDA drug approval summary: Nelarabine (Arranon (R)) for the treatment of T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma

Martin H. Cohen et al.

ONCOLOGIST (2008)

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Review Chemistry, Medicinal

A comparison of the ancient use of ginseng in traditional Chinese medicine with modern pharmacological experiments and clinical trials

Yao-Zu Xiang et al.

PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH (2008)

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Article Biodiversity Conservation

Dermatological remedies in the traditional pharmacopoeia of Vulture-Alto Bradano, inland southern Italy

Cassandra L. Quave et al.

JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE (2008)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Estrogenic activity of triterpene glycosides in yeast two-hybrid assay

S. N. Kovalchuk et al.

JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2006)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Mechanisms of disease: Estrogen carcinogenesis in breast cancer

JD Yager et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2006)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

Liquid chromatography mass spectrometric analysis of rat samples for in vivo metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies of ginsenoside Rh2

TX Oian et al.

RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY (2005)

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Article Oncology

Mediastinal mass in childhood T-Cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Significance and therapy response

A Attarbaschi et al.

MEDICAL AND PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY (2002)

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Article Chemistry, Medicinal

The aphrodisiac and adaptogenic properties of ginseng

E Nocerino et al.

FITOTERAPIA (2000)

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