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Article
Engineering, Marine
Boao Cai et al.
Summary: This study employed the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solver and shear stress transport (SST) k-omega turbulence model in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to simulate propeller-hull interactions in waves. Three methods were used to predict the added power in waves and the results were validated against experimental data. The analysis showed that wake fractions and thrust deduction fractions in waves were smaller than those in still water, and the ITTC's Resistance & Thrust Identify Method (RTIM) could overestimate the added power in waves. Contributions of added resistance and added propulsion efficiency to the added power in head waves were greater than 70% and less than 30%, respectively. Detailed analysis of self-propulsion factors and flow fields in waves were critical for predicting added power and designing energy-saving ships and propellers in real sea conditions.
Article
Engineering, Marine
Bu-Geun Paik et al.
Summary: In this study, the incidence angle of the rudder inflow in ship design is investigated using a 3-D LDV system. The measurements confirm the reliability of the 3-D LDV method and show a large incidence angle between the rudder and propeller, where cavitation occurs. The study proposes an asymmetry-type rudder which significantly improves cavitation performance compared to the flat-type rudder.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Antonio Posa et al.
Summary: Large Eddy Simulation is used to replicate the wake of a marine propeller and compared with Particle Imaging Velocimetry experiments. The study focuses on analyzing the tip and hub vortices and their interaction mechanisms. The results reveal that the tip vortices' instability is triggered by their shear with the wake of neighboring blades, leading to oscillations and mutual inductance phenomena. The break-up of the helical structures shed from the tip of the propeller blades increases turbulence at the wake outer boundary, which is further enhanced by the energy provided by the hub vortex. The instability process of the hub vortex is slower but maintains coherence downstream, resulting in a decrease in turbulence at the wake axis.
COMPUTERS & FLUIDS
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Antonio Posa et al.
Summary: Large Eddy Simulations were conducted on a system comprising a marine propeller and a hydrofoil to mimic maneuvering conditions in marine propulsion. The study focused on analyzing turbulent fluctuations in the wake downstream of the system. The results showed that the turbulent kinetic energy increased downstream for all configurations, with higher levels observed when the hydrofoil had a higher incidence. Additionally, the cross-stream distribution of turbulence deviated from anti-symmetry due to the different velocities gained by the propeller wake branches while moving across the pressure and suction sides of the hydrofoil.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND FLUID FLOW
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Bu-Geun Paik et al.
Summary: The study investigated the frequency characteristics of cloud cavitation using a cavitation image processing technique and cavitation noise analysis. It was found that a 3D twisted full-spade rudder reduces cloud cavitation amount by approximately 60% compared to a flat-type full-spade rudder. In addition, analysis of noise signals measured by a hydrophone revealed consistent intrinsic frequency characteristics between the two types of rudders.
Article
Engineering, Marine
Jacob T. Woeste et al.
Summary: Accurate estimation of a surface vessel's added power in waves is crucial for efficient and safe operations. Propeller-hull interactions play a significant role in added power and are dominated by viscous effects. However, current approximations and reduced scale experiments may not accurately capture the nonlinear and viscous propeller-hull interactions in waves.
Article
Mechanics
Lianzhou Wang et al.
Summary: Understanding the dynamics of propeller wakes is crucial for designing and optimizing next-generation propellers. This study investigates the wake instability of a propeller under heavy loading conditions through numerical simulations and modal decomposition techniques, identifying the dominant modes involved.
Article
Engineering, Marine
Weipeng Zhang et al.
Summary: This study examines the rudder vibrations induced by propeller wake and finds that the rudder undergoes span-wise bending under the load induced by the wake. The vibrations of the rudder are related to the excitation frequencies and natural frequencies, with clear characteristics of lock-in regime. The vibration behavior varies at different frequencies.
Article
Engineering, Ocean
Andrea Franceschi et al.
Summary: This study investigates the main interaction effect of hull and propeller on the rudder inflow in a conventional manoeuvring simulator using a simple but robust approach. The modular/MMG based method describes the hull, rudders, and propellers with separate mathematical models to account for interaction phenomena. Numerical models developed in OpenFOAM for propeller-rudder interaction and two different approaches for hull-rudder interaction show improved accuracy compared to a calibrated semi-empirical model.
APPLIED OCEAN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Cong Sun et al.
Summary: This study analyzed the evolution mechanisms of propeller wakes from near to far field under different inflow conditions. It was found that turbulent inflow contributes to the destabilization process of the tip vortex system by accelerating the interference between adjacent tip-vortex structures and intensifying the instability motion of the tip vortex. The Sparsity-Promoting Dynamic Mode Decomposition (SPDMD) successfully selected the influential dynamic modes for the approximation of the snapshot sequence.
Article
Mechanics
A. Posa
Summary: Large-eddy simulations are used to study the tip vortices shed by a hydrofoil in a system with a propeller. The results show that the tip vortices have a significant impact on the performance, turbulence levels, and pressure fluctuations of the system.
Article
Engineering, Marine
Jennie Andersson et al.
Summary: Propulsive factors are critical for scaling of model-test data and final power prediction. Understanding the differences in propulsive factors and propeller-hull interaction is important when comparing different propulsion systems based on model-scale tests. This study compares three different propulsion systems using CFD and evaluates the propeller-hull interaction.
Article
Mechanics
A. Posa et al.
Summary: This study investigates the interaction between the wake generated by a propeller and a downstream hydrofoil using large-eddy simulations. The results show that the orientation of the hydrofoil significantly influences the wake, causing spanwise shifts of the tip vortices and an overall contraction on the suction side of the hydrofoil. This leads to higher shear and turbulence, as well as a faster growth of the boundary layer thickness. The evolution of the hub vortex is also affected, with the branches shifting across the span of the hydrofoil in the opposite direction of the tip vortices.
Article
Mechanics
Lianzhou Wang et al.
Summary: The wake instabilities of a propeller operating under turbulent-inflow conditions were studied using the improved delayed detached eddy simulation method, revealing the interaction between turbulence and tip vortices.
Article
Mechanics
Lianzhou Wang et al.
Summary: This study investigates propeller wakes under different loading conditions using the improved delayed detached eddy simulation method and flow decomposition technique. The sparsity-promoting dynamic mode decomposition is utilized to study the onset mechanism of propeller wake instabilities.
Article
Engineering, Marine
Antonio Posa et al.
Summary: This study analyzes the spanwise distribution of loads on a hydrofoil operating in the wake of a propeller, taking into account the propeller load and the hydrofoil incidence. The results, based on data from Large Eddy Simulations, show that the average loads on the hydrofoil correlate with the radial coordinate of maximum load on the propeller blades. The azimuthal velocity of the propeller wake affects the pressure distribution on the hydrofoil, suggesting that twisted geometries can reduce the local incidence angle and improve the stresses on rudders operating in the wake of propellers.
Article
Mechanics
Lianzhou Wang et al.
Summary: This study investigates the flow physics in propeller wakes and finds that turbulent inflow significantly modifies the morphology of the vortex system behind the propeller, leading to instability and diffusion of primary tip vortices shed by the blade tips.
Article
Engineering, Marine
Jian Hu et al.
Summary: The study using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) method analyzed the interaction between propeller wake and rudder, showing an increase in hydrodynamic coefficients of propeller and rudder under oblique flows, leading to generation of pulsating pressure on the rudder surface.
SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Antonio Posa
Summary: The study investigated momentum recovery in the near wake of a cross-flow turbine, highlighting the dominant role of spanwise flows. Large streamwise-oriented vortices on the windward side promote momentum recovery from the spanwise boundaries, increasing the wake system's asymmetry. As one moves away from the turbine, the importance of cross-stream flows in further momentum recovery becomes more significant.
COMPUTERS & FLUIDS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
M. Felli
Summary: This study investigates the fundamental mechanisms of interaction between propeller wake vortices and untipped non-lifting wings, revealing the complex interaction between propeller tip and blade trailing vortices and wings under different loading conditions. The behavior of tip vortices is strongly influenced by their interaction with the wing's boundary layer during encounter and early penetration phases, leading to asymmetrical evolution and breakdown of vortex portions along the pressure and suction sides of the wing.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Antonio Posa et al.
Summary: In this study, wall-resolved, large-eddy simulations were conducted for the case of a propeller operating upstream of a hydrofoil mimicking a rudder. Unique wake features in this coupled system were identified compared to open-water cases, with a focus on the intensified wake signature of a propeller caused by a downstream hydrofoil. The study achieved unprecedented levels of numerical resolution to capture the dynamics of all energetic eddies in the flow.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND FLUID FLOW
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Lianzhou Wang et al.
Summary: The study investigates propeller wake instability mechanisms using simulation methods, analyzing the flow physics that drive the tip vortex instability process. The research extends understanding of propeller wake instability inception mechanisms under heavy loading conditions.
Article
Mechanics
Yugo Sanada et al.
Summary: The hull-propeller-rudder interaction of the Korea Research Institute of Ships & Ocean Engineering Container Ship was studied through a combination of experimental fluid dynamics (EFD) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods. The study found that the propeller is more heavily loaded with reduced efficiency in port and starboard turning, leading to differences in hull vortices, propeller load, propeller efficiency, and drift angle between the two directions. The analysis also showed that the lateral (Y) force is reduced during turning, inducing a larger drift angle and more speed loss.
Article
Mechanics
A. Posa et al.
Summary: This study investigated the flow over a hydrofoil in the wake of a marine propeller using large-eddy simulation. The impact of the propeller wake on the flow within the boundary layer of the hydrofoil was found to be substantial, increasing the skin-friction and producing significant spanwise flows. The incidence angle of the hydrofoil was shown to influence the expansion and contraction of the propeller wake, as well as the instability of the boundary layer on the pressure and suction sides of the hydrofoil.
Article
Thermodynamics
Antonio Posa
Summary: Large-Eddy Simulations were conducted on a centrifugal pump with three different diffuser geometries to investigate the effect of changing the diffuser inlet angle on overall performance and pressure fields. Results showed that the radial gap between the trailing edge of impeller blades and the leading edge of diffuser blades has a more profound influence on pressure fluctuations compared to the angle of incidence on the diffuser blades.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND FLUID FLOW
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Antonio Posa
Summary: The study found that the end effects at the tip of the blades of a vertical axis wind turbine cause significant secondary flows, especially on the windward side. They lead to additional lateral displacement of the momentum deficit from the leeward side towards the windward side, increasing turbulence levels and reinforcing the asymmetry of the wake system.
JOURNAL OF WIND ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Weipeng Zhang et al.
Summary: This study investigates the vibrations of a plate in propeller wake, revealing coexistence of excited and natural vibrations, weaker vibration in the lock-in regime, and mode transfer between excited and natural vibrations with approaching shaft frequency to natural frequency.
Article
Mechanics
Lianzhou Wang et al.
Summary: This paper investigates the inception mechanism of propeller wake instability, finding that it results from interactions among vortex structures behind the propeller and the high-speed shear layer, with the diffusion of azimuthal velocity playing an important role in the mutual induction process.
Article
Mechanics
Jie Gong et al.
Summary: The study focuses on investigating the wake dynamics of a ducted propeller using detached eddy simulations, revealing the impacts of blade-blade interference and blade-duct interaction on loading stability and efficiency. Short-wave instability governs the wake, with multi-induction effects and duct characteristics influencing the tip vortex system differently.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Weipeng Zhang et al.
Summary: This study investigates the structural response during propeller-rudder interaction using detached eddy simulation and discusses the three-dimensional distributions of loads, stresses, and deformations. The leading and trailing edges exhibit the strongest deformations in opposite directions, and the lateral deformations fluctuate at different frequencies in the tip vortex and hub vortex regions. Weak vibrations occur at the natural frequencies of the rudder when they are much higher than the SF and BPF, while the plate in the propeller suffers intense vibrations at frequencies near its natural frequencies when they are close to SF and BPF.
ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Lianzhou Wang et al.
Summary: This study investigates the inception mechanism of propeller wake instability and finds that the instability is caused by interactions among vortex structures behind the propeller and the high-speed shear layer, with azimuthal velocity diffusion playing an important role in the mutual induction process. A model is proposed that can predict the time and location of vortex pairing.
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Mechanics
Antonio Posa et al.
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