Phase space analysis of the bouncing universe with stringy effects

We use the recently modified Friedmann equations obtained from string T-duality effects that encode the zero-point length (Jusufi and Sheykhi (2023) [132]) to study the phase space analyses of a bouncing early universe. An important implication of such stringy effects is that they can alleviate the initial singularity since the Raychaudhuri equation is modified. We investigate if the Universe can undergo an accelerated expansion phase for a specific domain of the equation of state parameter. The stringy effects are encoded in the parameter T', which depends not only on the zero-point length but also on the state parameter m. We construct two dynamical systems depending on whether -1 < m <= -1/3 and m >= -1/3, and we classify the equilibrium points of each system. Exact solutions and cosmological implications are discussed. (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons .org /licenses /by /4 .0/). Funded by SCOAP3.

Automated summary

We use modified Friedmann equations incorporating string T-duality effects to analyze the phase space of a bouncing early universe. These stringy effects can alleviate the initial singularity by modifying the Raychaudhuri equation. We examine the possibilities of an accelerated expansion phase based on a specific domain of the equation of state parameter.