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The amphibian immune system

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2023)

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Article Fisheries

Molecular diversity and functional implication of amphibian interferon complex: Remarking immune adaptation in vertebrate evolution

Oluwaseun D. Adeyemi et al.

Summary: Comparing vertebrate genomes across different species has revealed the complexities of interferon systems in amphibians. Recent genomic studies have shown that amphibians have evolved expanded repertoires of different types of intron-containing interferon genes, similar to fish and amniotes. These findings provide insights into the evolution of vertebrate immune systems and may have implications for combating amphibian declines.

DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY (2023)

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Article Fisheries

A comparison of amphibian (Xenopus laevis) tadpole and adult frog macrophages

Muhammad Riadul Haque Hossainey et al.

Summary: Comparisons between tadpole and frog immune cells reveal cytological and transcriptional differences, suggesting distinct roles in host defense and pathogen infection for different developmental stages.

DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY (2023)

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Article Fisheries

The amphibian invitrome: Past, present, and future contributions to our understanding of amphibian immunity

Alexander J. Douglas et al.

Summary: Many amphibian populations are declining due to infectious diseases, and understanding the host-pathogen-environment interactions is crucial. However, using animals in research poses ethical concerns, making in vitro study systems like cell lines important. This review highlights the potential of amphibian cell lines in advancing our understanding of amphibian immune systems and disease mechanisms.

DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY (2023)

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Article Fisheries

Amphibians as a model to study the role of immune cell heterogeneity in host and mycobacterial interactions

Matthieu Paiola et al.

Summary: Mycobacterial infections are a major concern for both humans and vertebrates in aquatic and terrestrial environments. There are common features in the interactions between non-tuberculous mycobacteria and endo-and ectothermic animals, similar to those observed in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. The detection of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in amphibians is not only economically damaging but also poses a growing threat to human health.

DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY (2023)

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Article Immunology

Lymphocyte Inhibition by the Salamander-Killing Chytrid Fungus, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans

Louise A. Rollins-Smith et al.

Summary: Two pathogenic chytrid fungi, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans, have evolved similar mechanisms to inhibit lymphocytes and evade the immune system of amphibians, contributing to the long-term decline of amphibian populations worldwide.

INFECTION AND IMMUNITY (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Identification and establishment of type IV interferon and the characterization of interferon-υ including its class II cytokine receptors IFN-υR1 and IL-10R2

Shan Nan Chen et al.

Summary: This study identifies and characterizes a type IV interferon, IFN-υ, and its associated receptors. The researchers also demonstrate its functionality during in vivo infection and determine its genomic localization. IFN-υ is distinct from the three recognized types of interferons and has unique genomic positioning.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Fisheries

Do immune system changes at metamorphosis predict vulnerability to chytridiomycosis? An update

Josephine E. Humphries et al.

Summary: Amphibians, especially during the metamorphic period, are vulnerable to diseases such as chytridiomycosis. However, there is a lack of research specifically focusing on the immune response during this period and its implications for chytridiomycosis. Future studies should consider studying other components of the immune system and exploring the underlying mechanisms of increased susceptibility. Additionally, management strategies should prioritize the peri-metamorphic period for species overlapping with endemic Bd/Bsal.

DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Ecology

Salamanders reveal novel trajectories of amphibian MHC evolution

Piotr Minias et al.

Summary: This study provides extensive analysis on MHC class I in salamanders, revealing extreme diversity in both sequence and architecture. The study also identifies differences in positive selection signals and highlights the similarities between salamanders and distant vertebrate lineages in terms of MHC-I structure. Additionally, evidence of intraexonic recombination and the influence of life history traits on MHC-I expansion/contraction is presented.

EVOLUTION (2022)

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Article Immunology

Evolution and Potential Subfunctionalization of Duplicated fms-Related Class III Receptor Tyrosine Kinase flt3s and Their Ligands in the Allotetraploid Xenopus laevis

Matthieu Paiola et al.

Summary: The fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) and its ligand (Flt3lg) play important roles in hematopoiesis and dendritic cell homeostasis. They show differences among species and duplicated genes in Xenopus laevis. The homoeologs of Flt3 and Flt3lg exhibit conformational divergence and different expression patterns in tadpoles and adult frogs. Flt3lg and Flt3 are involved in XL cell homeostasis and XL cells have hematopoietic origin. In addition, macrophage/monocyte marker Csf1r.S is expressed on XL cells, indicating a common evolutionary origin of vertebrate DCs.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Biodiversity Conservation

Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans' Amphibian Host Species and Invasion Range

Federico Castro Monzon et al.

Summary: A new species related to the destructive pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), called Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal), was discovered in Europe in 2013. Through a systematic review and data compilation, it was found that 67 species have tested positive for Bsal, with 20 of them having a threatened conservation status. The infected species have been found in 69 countries, emphasizing the potential threat posed by Bsal. The study also highlights areas that have been poorly monitored and identifies susceptible species that belong to the families Plethodontidae and Salamandridae.

ECOHEALTH (2022)

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Article Immunology

γδ T, NKT, and MAIT Cells During Evolution: Redundancy or Specialized Functions?

Christelle Harly et al.

Summary: Innate-like T cells display characteristics of both ILCs and mainstream alpha beta T cells, and are probably present in all vertebrates. Their main characteristics are better known in amphibians and mammals. These cells include both gamma delta and alpha beta T cells, and each subset fulfills nonredundant roles related to their Ag specificity.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Editorial Material Anatomy & Morphology

Immunity in salamander regeneration: Where are we standing and where are we headed?

Lizbeth Airais Bolanos-Castro et al.

Summary: Salamanders exhibit extensive regenerative abilities, with the involvement of the immune system in the process. However, our understanding of salamander immunity is limited and further research is needed to explore the precise roles of the immune system in salamander regeneration.

DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS (2021)

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Article Ecology

Host contribution to parasite persistence is consistent between parasites and over time, but varies spatially

Jon Bielby et al.

Summary: Research has found that the persistence of two parasites in two different lakes, as well as two different amphibian species acting as hosts, varies due to ecological factors and host characteristics.

ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS (2021)

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Article Biodiversity Conservation

Three Pathogens Impact Terrestrial Frogs from a High-Elevation Tropical Hotspot

Veronica L. Urgiles et al.

Summary: This study identifies the first detection of Pr and Rv pathogens in terrestrial-breeding amphibians of the Pristimantis genus from the highland Ecuadorean Andes, as well as Bd infection. Although there were no significant differences in infection prevalence among the pathogens, Bd had significantly higher infection intensity compared to Pr.

ECOHEALTH (2021)

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Article Fisheries

Emerging Pathogens and a Current-Use Pesticide: Potential Impacts on Eastern Hellbenders

J. Patrick W. Cusaac et al.

Summary: Populations of the eastern hellbender have been declining primarily due to emerging pathogens and pesticides. Exposure to a frog virus (RV) was found to significantly threaten the survival of subadult hellbenders, with the herbicide Roundup potentially exacerbating this threat.

JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH (2021)

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Article Biology

Microglial trogocytosis and the complement system regulate axonal pruning in vivo

Tony K. Y. Lim et al.

Summary: This study directly observed axon trogocytosis by microglia in the developing Xenopus laevis retinotectal circuit, demonstrating the important role of microglia in regulating pruning of retinal ganglion cell axons. It was found that neurons can control this process through expression of complement inhibitory proteins, suggesting that microglia remodel axons via trogocytosis.

ELIFE (2021)

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Article Virology

The Roles of Amphibian (Xenopus laevis) Macrophages during Chronic Frog Virus 3 Infections

Muhammad Riadul Haque Hossainey et al.

Summary: Infections by Frog Virus 3 (FV3) and other ranavirus genus members significantly contribute to global amphibian decline. Xenopus laevis frogs are an ideal research platform to study the roles of distinct frog leukocyte populations during FV3 infections. Frog macrophages (Mfs) play an important role during FV3 infection, facilitating viral dissemination and persistence while also participating in immune defense against the pathogen.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2021)

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Review Immunology

The Immune System and the Antiviral Responses in Chinese Giant Salamander, Andrias davidianus

Nan Jiang et al.

Summary: The Chinese giant salamander is the largest amphibian existing in the world and an important animal for artificial cultivation in China. However, some aspects of its innate and adaptive immune system remain unknown, particularly in relation to the Chinese giant salamander iridovirus (GSIV) which is a prominent pathogen causing high mortality and severe economic losses in Chinese giant salamander aquaculture.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Virology

TLR5 mediated Reactivation of Quiescent Ranavirus FV3 in Xenopus peritoneal macrophages

Mrinal Samanta et al.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2021)

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Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Isolation and characterization of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in Xenopus laevis

Rina Otsuka-Yamaguchi et al.

Summary: MSCs have been identified in amphibians, specifically Xenopus laevis, showing similarities to mammalian MSCs in terms of differentiation potential and marker expression. These MSCs demonstrate high regenerative capacity, which differs from that of mammals, providing opportunities for further research on regenerative mechanisms and inter-species differences.

STEM CELL RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Immunology

Amphibian (Xenopus laevis) Tadpoles and Adult Frogs Differ in Their Antiviral Responses to Intestinal Frog Virus 3 Infections

Kelsey A. Hauser et al.

Summary: Tadpoles exhibit stronger intestinal type I and III IFN responses to FV3 infections compared to adult frogs, likely mediated by myeloid cells. Healthy (uninfected) adult frogs already have myeloid cells with similar cytology in their intestines, possibly contributing to their resistance to FV3. Understanding the differences in tadpole and adult frog responses to ranaviral infections is essential for comprehending susceptibility and resistance to these pathogens.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Pattern recognition receptors in health and diseases

Danyang Li et al.

Summary: Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a class of receptors that can directly recognize specific molecular structures on pathogens, apoptotic host cells, and damaged senescent cells, bridging nonspecific immunity and specific immunity. Through the recognition and binding of ligands, PRRs can produce immunoprotective effects against infections and tumors. Research on PRRs and their ligands has greatly enhanced understanding of the signaling pathways involved, providing insights for the treatment of immune-related diseases and tumors.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2021)

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Article Biology

Expanded host and geographic range of tadpole associations with the Severe Perkinsea Infection group

Vanessa Smilansky et al.

Summary: Severe Perkinsea infection in amphibians, particularly tadpoles, has been observed in North America, Panama, and the UK. Phylogenetic analysis suggests a close relationship between PPC sequences from different locations. This study provides insight into the biogeography and host range of PPC, which is crucial for conservation planning.

BIOLOGY LETTERS (2021)

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Article Immunology

A Glimpse of the Peptide Profile Presentation by Xenopus laevis MHC Class I: Crystal Structure of pXela-UAA Reveals a Distinct Peptide-Binding Groove

Lizhen Ma et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Developmental Biology

The myeloid lineage is required for the emergence of a regeneration-permissive environment following Xenopus tail amputation

Can Aztekin et al.

DEVELOPMENT (2020)

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Article Immunology

Myelopoiesis of the Amphibian Xenopus laevis Is Segregated to the Bone Marrow, Away From Their Hematopoietic Peripheral Liver

Amulya Yaparla et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Incapacitating effects of fungal coinfection in a novel pathogen system

Cait A. McDonald et al.

MOLECULAR ECOLOGY (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Sustained immune activation is associated with susceptibility to the amphibian chytrid fungus

Anna E. Savage et al.

MOLECULAR ECOLOGY (2020)

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Article Zoology

Effects of elevated corticosterone on humoral innate and antibody-mediated immunity in southern leopard frog (Lithobates sphenocephalus) tadpoles

Samuel T. Billig et al.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY (2020)

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Review Zoology

The amphibian complement system and chytridiomycosis

Keely M. Rodriguez et al.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY (2020)

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Review Microbiology

Immunological Aspects of Chytridiomycosis

Laura F. Grogan et al.

JOURNAL OF FUNGI (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Preliminary indications that recombinant human IL-16 attracts and stimulates lymphocytes of the amphibian, Xenopus laevis implying an ancestral role for CD4 as a cytokine receptor

Jacob Gillis et al.

CYTOKINE (2020)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

Functional variation at an expressed MHC class II locus associates with Ranavirus infection intensity in larval anuran populations

Anna E. Savage et al.

IMMUNOGENETICS (2019)

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Article Virology

Critical Role of an MHC Class I-Like/Innate-Like T Cell Immune Surveillance System in Host Defense against Ranavirus (Frog Virus 3) Infection

Eva-Stina Isabella Edholm et al.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2019)

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Article Cell Biology

Colony-stimulating factor-1-and interleukin-34-derived macrophages differ in their susceptibility to Mycobacterium marinum

Milan Popovic et al.

JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY (2019)

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Review Biology

Adaptive immunity and skin wound healing in amphibian adults

Antonella Franchini

OPEN LIFE SCIENCES (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Apparent absence of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans in wild urodeles in the United Kingdom

Andrew A. Cunningham et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2019)

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Article Fisheries

Rag1 and rag2 gene expressions identify lymphopoietic tissues in juvenile and adult Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus)

Nan Jiang et al.

DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY (2018)

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Article Fisheries

Novel quantitative PCR assay specific for the emerging Perkinsea amphibian pathogen reveals seasonal infection dynamics

Emily E. Karwacki et al.

DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS (2018)

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Article Immunology

Double-duty conventional dendritic cells in the amphibian Xenopus as the prototype for antigen presentation to B cells

Harold R. Neely et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Distinct MHC class I-like interacting invariant T cell lineage at the forefront of mycobacterial immunity uncovered in Xenopus

Eva-Stina Edholm et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2018)

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Review Immunology

Toll-Like Receptors, Associated Biological Roles, and Signaling Networks in Non-Mammals

Li Nie et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Transcriptomic landscape of the blastema niche in regenerating adult axolotl limbs at single-cell resolution

Nicholas D. Leigh et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

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Review Immunology

Review of the Amphibian Immune Response to Chytridiomycosis, and Future Directions

Laura F. Grogan et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2018)

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Review Immunology

A cold-blooded view of adaptive immunity

Martin F. Flajnik

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2018)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

Characterization of MHC class IA in the endangered southern corroboree frog

Tiffany A. Kosch et al.

IMMUNOGENETICS (2017)

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Review Genetics & Heredity

Major histocompatibility complex variation and the evolution of resistance to amphibian chytridiomycosis

Minjie Fu et al.

IMMUNOGENETICS (2017)

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Article Evolutionary Biology

Spotted Gar and the Evolution of Innate Immune Receptors

Dustin J. Wcisel et al.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION (2017)

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Article Virology

Amphibian (Xenopus laevis) tadpoles and adult frogs mount distinct interferon responses to the Frog Virus 3 ranavirus

Emily S. Wendel et al.

VIROLOGY (2017)

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Article Virology

Xenopus-FV3 host-pathogen interactions and immune evasion

Jacques Robert et al.

VIROLOGY (2017)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Complement C3a signaling facilitates skeletal muscle regeneration by regulating monocyte function and trafficking

Congcong Zhang et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2017)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Genomic innovations linked to infection strategies across emerging pathogenic chytrid fungi

Rhys A. Farrer et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2017)

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Review Immunology

The Role of Interferons in Inflammation and Inflammasome Activation

Natasa Kopitar-Jerala

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2017)

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Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Heart regeneration in the salamander relies on macrophage-mediated control of fibroblast activation and the extracellular landscape

J. W. Godwin et al.

NPJ REGENERATIVE MEDICINE (2017)

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Article Biology

IgY: a key isotype in antibody evolution

Xiaoying Zhang et al.

BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2017)

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Article Fisheries

Patterns of amphibian infection prevalence across wetlands on the Savannah River Site, South Carolina, USA

Cara N. Love et al.

DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS (2016)

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Review Immunology

Innate immunity in vertebrates: an overview

Mario Riera Romo et al.

IMMUNOLOGY (2016)

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Article Veterinary Sciences

Mountain Yellow-legged Frogs (Rana muscosa) did not Produce Detectable Antibodies in Immunization Experiments with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

Thomas J. Poorten et al.

JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES (2016)

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Article Biodiversity Conservation

Life history linked to immune investment in developing amphibians

Douglas C. Woodhams et al.

CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY (2016)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Expansion of amphibian intronless interferons revises the paradigm for interferon evolution and functional diversity

Yongming Sang et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2016)

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Article Immunology

Nonclassical MHC-Restricted Invariant Vα6 T Cells Are Critical for Efficient Early Innate Antiviral Immunity in the Amphibian Xenopus laevis

Eva-Stina Edholm et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2015)

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Article Virology

Prominent Amphibian (Xenopus laevis) Tadpole Type III Interferon Response to the Frog Virus 3 Ranavirus

Leon Grayfer et al.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2015)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cryptic infection of a broad taxonomic and geographic diversity of tadpoles by Perkinsea protists

Aurelie Chambouvet et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2015)

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Article Biology

Susceptibility of amphibians to chytridiomycosis is associated with MHC class II conformation

Arnaud Bataille et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2015)

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Article Immunology

Protective immunity of a Pichia pastoris expressed recombinant iridovirus major capsid protein in the Chinese giant salamander, Andrias davidianus

Yong Zhou et al.

VACCINE (2015)

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Review Immunology

Microbiota and mucosal immunity in amphibians

Bruno M. Colombo et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2015)

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Article Evolutionary Biology

Constraint and Adaptation in newt Toll-Like Receptor Genes

Wieslaw Babik et al.

GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION (2015)

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Article Evolutionary Biology

More than Skin Deep: Functional Genomic Basis for Resistance to Amphibian Chytridiomycosis

Amy R. Ellison et al.

GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION (2015)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A de novo Assembly of the Common Frog (Rana temporaria) Transcriptome and Comparison of Transcription Following Exposure to Ranavirus and Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

Stephen J. Price et al.

PLOS ONE (2015)

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Review Veterinary Sciences

Amphibian chytridiomycosis: a review with focus on fungus-host interactions

Pascale Van Rooij et al.

VETERINARY RESEARCH (2015)

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Article Hematology

Mapping hematopoiesis in a fully regenerative vertebrate: the axolotl

David Lopez et al.

BLOOD (2014)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A potential wound-healing-promoting peptide from salamander skin

Lixian Mu et al.

FASEB JOURNAL (2014)

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Review Genetics & Heredity

A prominent role for invariant T cells in the amphibian Xenopus laevis tadpoles

Jacques Robert et al.

IMMUNOGENETICS (2014)

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Article Cell Biology

Divergent antiviral roles of amphibian (Xenopus laevis) macrophages elicited by colony-stimulating factor-1 and interleukin-34

Leon Grayfer et al.

JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY (2014)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Defects in Host Immune Function in Tree Frogs with Chronic Chytridiomycosis

Sam Young et al.

PLOS ONE (2014)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Inflammation-Induced Reactivation of the Ranavirus Frog Virus 3 in Asymptomatic Xenopus laevis

Jacques Robert et al.

PLOS ONE (2014)

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Article Anatomy & Morphology

Early development of the thymus in Xenopus laevis

Young-Hoon Lee et al.

DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS (2013)

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Article Immunology

Colony-Stimulating Factor-l-Responsive Macrophage Precursors Reside in the Amphibian (Xenopus laevis) Bone Marrow rather than the Hematopoietic Subcapsular Liver

Leon Grayfer et al.

JOURNAL OF INNATE IMMUNITY (2013)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Nonclassical MHC class I-dependent invariant T cells are evolutionarily conserved and prominent from early development in amphibians

Eva-Stina Edholm et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2013)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Macrophages are required for adult salamander limb regeneration

James W. Godwin et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2013)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The Invasive Chytrid Fungus of Amphibians Paralyzes Lymphocyte Responses

J. Scott Fites et al.

SCIENCE (2013)

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Article Veterinary Sciences

Long-term study of an infection with ranaviruses in a group of edible frogs (Pelophylax kl. esculentus) and partial characterization of two viruses based on four genomic regions

Anke C. Stoehr et al.

VETERINARY JOURNAL (2013)

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Article Ecology

Genetic diversity of MHC class I loci in six non-model frogs is shaped by positive selection and gene duplication

K. M. Kiemnec-Tyburczy et al.

HEREDITY (2012)

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Article Virology

Susceptibility of Xenopus laevis tadpoles to infection by the ranavirus Frog-Virus 3 correlates with a reduced and delayed innate immune response in comparison with adult frogs

Francisco De Jesus Andino et al.

VIROLOGY (2012)

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Article Fisheries

Phylogenetic and developmental study of CD4, CD8 α and β T cell co-receptor homologs in two amphibian species, Xenopus tropicalis and Xenopus laevis

Asiya Seema Chida et al.

DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY (2011)

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Article Fisheries

Structural and functional diversity of the lectin repertoire in teleost fish: Relevance to innate and adaptive immunity

Gerardo R. Vasta et al.

DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY (2011)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

Molecular and biochemical characterization of the Mexican axolotl CD3 (CD3ε and CD3γ/δ)

Sebastien Andre et al.

IMMUNOGENETICS (2011)

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Review Cell Biology

Complement and its role in innate and adaptive immune responses

Jason R. Dunkelberger et al.

CELL RESEARCH (2010)

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Article Immunology

The dynamic TCRδ: TCRδ chains in the amphibian Xenopus tropicalis utilize antibody-like V genes

Zuly E. Parra et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2010)

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Article Veterinary Sciences

IMMUNIZATION IS INEFFECTIVE AT PREVENTING INFECTION AND MORTALITY DUE TO THE AMPHIBIAN CHYTRID FUNGUS BATRACHOCHYTRIUM DENDROBATIDIS

Mary J. Stice et al.

JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES (2010)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The role of amphibian antimicrobial peptides in protection of amphibians from pathogens linked to global amphibian declines

Louise A. Rollins-Smith

BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES (2009)

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Review Anatomy & Morphology

Comparative and Developmental Study of the Immune System in Xenopus

Jacques Robert et al.

DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS (2009)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Diversity of the FcR- and KIR-related genes in an amphibian Xenopus

Sergey V. Guselnikov et al.

FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK (2009)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Evidence for Directional Selection at a Novel Major Histocompatibility Class I Marker in Wild Common Frogs (Rana temporaria) Exposed to a Viral Pathogen (Ranavirus)

Amber G. F. Teacher et al.

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Pathogenesis of Chytridiomycosis, a Cause of Catastrophic Amphibian Declines

Jamie Voyles et al.

SCIENCE (2009)

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Article Evolutionary Biology

The Xenopus FcR family demonstrates continually high diversification of paired receptors in vertebrate evolution

Sergey V. Guselnikov et al.

BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY (2008)

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IgX antibodies in the urodele amphibian Ambystoma mexicanum

Berenice Schaerlinger et al.

DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY (2008)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

Evolutionarily conserved and divergent regions of the Autoimmune Regulator (Aire) gene:: a comparative analysis

Mark Saltis et al.

IMMUNOGENETICS (2008)

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Article Developmental Biology

Expression of complement components coincides with early patterning and organogenesis in Xenopus laevis

Valerie A. McLin et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2008)

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Article Immunology

Phylogenetic conservation of glycoprotein 96 ability to interact with CD91 and facilitate antigen cross-presentation

Jacques Robert et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2008)

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Localization and differential expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase in the amphibian Xenopus upon antigen stimulation and during early development

Shauna Marr et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2007)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

Phylogenetic and expression analysis of amphibian Xenopus Toll-like receptors

Akihiro Ishii et al.

IMMUNOGENETICS (2007)

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Ancestral organization of the MHC revealed in the amphibian Xenopus

Yuko Ohta et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2006)

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Article Fisheries

Generation of a long-lasting, protective, and neutralizing antibody response to the ranavirus FV3 by the frog Xenopus

Gregory D. Maniero et al.

DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY (2006)

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Article Virology

Antimicrobial peptides from amphibian skin potently inhibit human immunodeficiency virus infection and transfer of virus from dendritic cells to T cells

SE VanCompernolle et al.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2005)

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Article Immunology

Suppression of RNA recognition by Toll-like receptors:: The impact of nucleoside modification and the evolutionary origin of RNA

K Karikó et al.

IMMUNITY (2005)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The evolution of vertebrate Toll-like receptors

JC Roach et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2005)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Biophysical characterization of the interaction of Limulus polyphemus endotoxin neutralizing protein with lipopolysaccharide

J Andrä et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY (2004)

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Expression of complement 3 and complement 5 in newt limb and lens regeneration

Y Kimura et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2003)

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