Ketogenic diet in children and adolescents: The effects on growth and nutritional status

The ketogenic diet is known to be a possible adjuvant treatment in several medical conditions, such as in patients with severe or drug-resistant forms of epilepsy. Its use has recently been increasing among adolescents and young adults due to its supposed weight-loss effect, mediated by lipolysis and lowered insulin levels. However, there are still no precise indications on the possible use of ketogenic diets in pediatric age for weight loss. This approach has also recently been proposed for other types of disorder such as inherited metabolic disorders, Prader-Willi syndrome, and some specific types of cancers. Due to its unbalanced ratio of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins, a clinical evaluation of possible side effects with a strict evaluation of growth and nutritional status is essential in all patients following a long-term restrictive diet such as the ketogenic one. The prophylactic use of micronutrients supplementation should be considered before starting any ketogenic diet. Lastly, while there is sufficient literature on possible short-term side effects of ketogenic diets, their possible long-term impact on growth and nutritional status is not yet fully understood, especially when started in pediatric age.

Automated summary

The ketogenic diet has been increasingly used for weight loss among adolescents and young adults due to its supposed effects on lipolysis and insulin levels. However, there is still a lack of clear indications on its use for weight loss in pediatric age. It has also been proposed for other disorders like inherited metabolic disorders, Prader-Willi syndrome, and certain types of cancers. A clinical evaluation of possible side effects, growth, and nutritional status is essential for patients following a long-term restrictive diet like the ketogenic one.