Novel cinnamic acid derivatives as a versatile tool for developing agrochemicals for controlling plant virus and bacterial diseases by enhancing plant defense responses

BACKGROUNDPlant pathogens have led to large yield and quality losses in crops worldwide. The discovery and study of novel agrochemical alternatives based on the chemical modification of bioactive natural products is a highly efficient approach. Here, two series of novel cinnamic acid derivatives incorporating diverse building blocks with alternative linking patterns were designed and synthesized to identify their antiviral capacity and antibacterial activity. RESULTSThe bioassay results demonstrated that most cinnamic acid derivatives had excellent antiviral competence toward tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in vivo, especially compound A(5) (median effective concentration [EC50] = 287.7 mu g mL(-1)), which had a notable protective effect against TMV when compared with the commercial virucide ribavirin (EC50 = 622.0 mu g mL(-1)). In addition, compound A(17) had a protective efficiency of 84.3% at 200 mu g mL(-1) against Xac in plants. Given these outstanding results, the engineered title compounds could be regarded as promising leads for controlling plant virus and bacterial diseases. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that compound A(5) could enhance the host's defense responses by increasing the activity of defense enzymes and upregulating defense genes, thereby suppressing phytopathogen invasion. CONCLUSIONThis research lays a foundation for the practical application of cinnamic acid derivatives containing diverse building blocks with alternative linking patterns in pesticide exploration. (c) 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Automated summary

Two series of novel cinnamic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized to explore alternative agrochemicals for controlling plant virus and bacterial diseases. The bioassay results showed that these derivatives exhibited excellent antiviral competence, with compound A(5) demonstrating remarkable protective effects against tobacco mosaic virus. This research provides a foundation for the practical application of cinnamic acid derivatives in pesticide exploration.