Patient Engagement With Early Stage Advance Care Planning at a Comprehensive Cancer Center

Background Establishing care preferences and selecting a prepared medical decision-maker (MDM) are basic components of advance care planning (ACP) and integral to treatment planning. Systematic ACP in the cancer setting is uncommon. We evaluated a systematic social work (SW)-driven process for patient selection of a prepared MDM. Methods We used a pre/post design, centered on SW counseling incorporated into standard-of-care practice. New patients with gynecologic malignancies were eligible if they had an available family caregiver or an established Medical Power of Attorney (MPOA). Questionnaires were completed at baseline and 3 months to ascertain MPOA document (MPOAD) completion status (primary objective) and evaluate factors associated with MPOAD completion (secondary objectives). Results Three hundred and sixty patient/caregiver dyads consented to participate. One hundred and sixteen (32%) had MPOADs at baseline. Twenty (8%) of the remaining 244 dyads completed MPOADs by 3 months. Two hundred and thirty-six patients completed the values and goals survey at both baseline and follow-up: at follow-up, care preferences were stable in 127 patients (54%), changed toward more aggressive care in 60 (25%), and toward the focus on the quality of life in 49 (21%). Correlation between the patient's values and goals and their caregiver's/MPOA's perception was very weak at baseline, improving to moderate at follow-up. Patients with MPOADs by study completion had statistically significant higher ACP Engagement scores than those without. Conclusion A systematic SW-driven intervention did not engage new patients with gynecologic cancers to select and prepare MDMs. Change in care preferences was common, with caregivers' knowledge of patients' treatment preferences moderate at best. Advance care planning is valued for promoting patient autonomy at the end-of-life, with the aim of supporting goal-concordant care. This article evaluates a systematic social work-driven process for patient selection of a prepared medical decision-maker, a basic component of advance care planning.

Automated summary

This study evaluated a systematic social work-driven process for patient selection of a prepared medical decision-maker, however, the process did not effectively engage new patients with gynecologic cancers. Change in care preferences was common, and caregivers' knowledge of patients' treatment preferences was moderate at best.