Highly Efficient Hybrid Photovoltaics Based on Hyperbranched Three-Dimensional TiO2 Electron Transporting Materials

A 3D hyperbranched TiO2 electron transporting material is demonstrated, which exhibits superior carrier transport and lifetime, as well as excellent infiltration, leading to highly efficient mesostructured hybrid solar cells, such as lead-halide perovskites (15.5%) and dye-sensitized solar cells (11.2%).