Neural dynamics supporting longitudinal plasticity of action naming across languages: MEG evidence from bilingual brain tumor patients

Previous evidence suggests that distinct ventral and dorsal streams respectively underpin the semantic processing of object and action knowledge. Recently, we found that brain tumor patients with dorsal gliomas in fronto-parietal hubs show a selective longitudinal compensation (post-vs. pre-surgery) during the retrieval of lexico-semantic information about actions (but not objects), indexed by power increases in beta rhythms (13-28 Hz). Here, we move one-step further and ask whether a similar organizational principle also stands across the different languages a bilingual speaks. To test this hypothesis, we combined a picture-naming task with MEG recordings and evaluated highly proficient Spanish-Basque bilinguals undergoing surgery for tumor resection in left frontoparietal regions. We assessed patients before and three months after surgery. At the behavioral level, we observed a similar performance across sessions irrespectively of the language at use, suggesting overall successful function preservation. At the oscillatory level, we found longitudinal selective power increases in beta for action naming in Spanish and Basque. Nevertheless, tumor resection triggered a differential reorganization of the L1 and the L2, with the latter one additionally recruiting the right hemisphere. Overall, our results provide evidence for (i) the specific involvement of frontoparietal regions in the semantic retrieval/representation of action knowledge across languages; (ii) a key role of beta oscillations as a signature of language compensation and (iii) the existence of divergent plasticity trajectories in L1 and L2 after surgery. By doing so, they provide new insights into the spectro-temporal dynamics supporting postoperative recovery in the bilingual brain.

Automated summary

This study investigates the organizational principles of semantic processing in bilinguals, revealing the distinct involvement of frontoparietal regions in action knowledge retrieval. The results show increased beta oscillations in the naming of actions in Spanish and Basque after surgery, indicating language compensation. Additionally, the study highlights divergent plasticity trajectories in the first and second language after tumor resection.