4.6 Review

The roles of tertiary lymphoid structures in chronic diseases

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Article Transplantation

Tertiary lymphoid tissues: a regional hub for kidney inflammation

Yuki Sato et al.

Summary: Tertiary lymphoid tissues (TLTs) are abnormal lymphoid tissues that develop at sites of chronic inflammation in nonlymphoid organs. They play important roles in disease severity, prognosis and therapy response. The study of TLTs in the kidney is limited, but recent findings suggest that aged kidneys can form multiple TLTs after injury, with resident fibroblasts playing a crucial role. Moreover, TLTs are suggested to have potential as markers for kidney injury/inflammation and as therapeutic targets.

NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION (2023)

Article Immunology

Age-associated B cells are heterogeneous and dynamic drivers of autoimmunity in mice

Kevin M. Nickerson et al.

Summary: Age-associated B cells (ABCs) are a type of memory B cell expressing the transcription factor T-bet, formed under inflammatory conditions. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), ABC frequency is correlated with disease and they are considered the source of autoantibody-secreting cells. The heterogeneity of ABCs and their relationship to other B cell subsets such as plasmablasts is unclear. The study shows that ABCs are dynamic and can be plasmablast precursors or undergo cycles of reactivation. Deletion of CD11c-expressing B cells reveals a direct role for ABC-like B cells in lupus pathogenesis.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2023)

Article Urology & Nephrology

Tubulointerstitial B-cell infiltration and tertiary lymphoid tissue in adult-onset immunoglobulin A vasculitis with nephritis

Ryo Togashi et al.

Summary: This study examined tubulointerstitial B-cell infiltration in patients with adult-onset IgAV-N and found that it was associated with renal dysfunction and tubulointerstitial injuries, but not with glomerular injury parameters. B-cell infiltration and TLT might play a significant role in irreversible renal dysfunction in patients with early-phase adult-onset IgAV-N.

INTERNATIONAL UROLOGY AND NEPHROLOGY (2023)

Review Immunology

Tissue-Resident Immune Cells in Humans

Joshua Gray et al.

Summary: Tissue-resident immune cells play integral roles in immune responses in humans, but studying them is challenging. Recent advances have provided new insights into the origin, development, and functional roles of tissue-resident immune cells.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

Article Oncology

Tumor-associated high endothelial venules mediate lymphocyte entry into tumors and predict response to PD-1 plus CTLA-4 combination immunotherapy

Assia Asrir et al.

Summary: Tumor-associated high endothelial venules (TA-HEVs) are crucial for recruiting lymphocytes into tumors, and their presence is associated with better response and survival in anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA-4 treatment. TA-HECs co-express specific proteins and selectins, which attract lymphocytes to infiltrate tumors. Understanding the mechanism of lymphocyte trafficking in cancer immunity and immunotherapy is important for improving treatment outcomes.

CANCER CELL (2022)

Article Urology & Nephrology

Close Association between Altered Urine-Urothelium Barrier and Tertiary Lymphoid Structure Formation in the Renal Pelvis during Nephritis

Osamu Ichii et al.

Summary: Regardless of urinary tract infection, urinary tract-associated lymphoid structures (UTALSs) form in the renal pelvis of patients with chronic nephritis. Urine plays a unique role in UTALS formation by affecting urothelial barrier integrity and stimulating immune responses. These findings reveal a novel mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of chronic nephritis involving UTALS formation.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY (2022)

Editorial Material Urology & Nephrology

A Novel Pathological Mechanism of Tertiary Lymphoid Structure Formation in the Renal Pelvis

Shinya Yamamoto et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY (2022)

Article Urology & Nephrology

Advanced Tertiary Lymphoid Tissues in Protocol Biopsies are Associated with Progressive Graft Dysfunction in Kidney Transplant Recipients

Yu Ho Lee et al.

Summary: Tertiary lymphoid tissues (TLTs) are commonly found in transplanted kidneys and advanced TLTs are associated with graft dysfunction.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY (2022)

Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer

Ton N. Schumacher et al.

Summary: This article discusses the current knowledge on TLSs in cancer, focusing on the drivers of TLS formation, the function and contribution of TLSs to the antitumor immune response, and the potential of TLSs as therapeutic targets in human cancers.

SCIENCE (2022)

Article Immunology

Molecular, Immunological, and Clinical Features Associated With Lymphoid Neogenesis in Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

Fabio Pagliarulo et al.

Summary: Lymphoid neogenesis in muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) leads to the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which have positive prognostic and predictive associations. This study found that high TLS density, when combined with tumor mutational burden, serves as a novel independent prognostic biomarker in MIBC. Tumors with high TLS density showed increased gene signatures and infiltration of activated lymphocytes, particularly B-cell and CD8(+) T-cell co-infiltration. The study also identified TLS maturation subtypes, although TLS composition appeared to be influenced by the TME rather than the maturation status.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

Article Oncology

Intratumor expanded T cell clones can be non-sentinel lymph node derived in breast cancer revealed by single-cell immune profiling

Shiping Jiao et al.

Summary: This study revealed expanded intratumor non-sentinel LN derived T cell clones, indicating the need to explore the role of TLS in antitumor immunity.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Characteristics and Prognostic Value of Tertiary Lymphoid Organs in Membranous Nephropathy: A Retrospective Study

Zu-feng Wang et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates the prevalence of TLOs in patients with MN and shows that patients with MN with TLOs have worse clinical manifestation and outcomes compared to patients without TLOs. Furthermore, the presence of TLOs is associated with specific clinical features and positive antibody status, highlighting their importance in MN.

FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Tumor-reactive antibodies evolve from non-binding and autoreactive precursors

Roei D. Mazor et al.

Summary: This study found that somatic hypermutations (SHMs) promote antibody antitumor reactivity against surface autoantigens in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). The tumor-reactive antibodies target MMP14, which is abundantly expressed on the tumor cell surface. These findings highlight the origin and potential applicability of autoantibodies directed at surface antigens for tumor targeting in cancer patients.
Article Immunology

Tertiary lymphoid structures generate and propagate anti-tumor antibody-producing cells in renal cell cancer

Maxime Meylan et al.

Summary: The presence of intratumoral tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) is associated with positive clinical outcomes and responses to immunotherapy in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). B cells are enriched in TLS and demonstrate diverse maturation stages, with the presence of fully mature clonotypes. Additionally, IgG-and IgA-producing plasma cells (PCs) disseminate into the tumor beds along fibroblastic tracks in TLS+ tumors, indicating potential anti-tumor effector activity. Furthermore, the presence of IgG-stained tumor cells correlates with therapeutic responses and progression-free survival in RCC patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

IMMUNITY (2022)

Article Urology & Nephrology

Lineage tracing analysis defines erythropoietin-producing cells as a distinct subpopulation of resident fibroblasts with unique behaviors

Keiichi Kaneko et al.

Summary: This study reveals the behavior of Epo-producing cells during kidney fibrosis. These cells can transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts and lose their Epo-producing ability, while exhibiting high proliferative capacity during fibrosis. However, when the ureteral obstruction is relieved, these cells can regain their Epo-producing ability.

KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Pembrolizumab in soft-tissue sarcomas with tertiary lymphoid structures: a phase 2 PEMBROSARC trial cohort

A. Italiano et al.

Summary: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have limited clinical activity in patients with advanced soft-tissue sarcomas. The presence of TLSs may serve as a potential predictive biomarker for the effectiveness of pembrolizumab treatment in these patients.

NATURE MEDICINE (2022)

Review Oncology

B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures as determinants of tumour immune contexture and clinical outcome

Wolf H. Fridman et al.

Summary: B cells play a critical role in the tumor microenvironment, particularly within tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). The presence of mature TLS, high density of B cells and plasma cells, and antibodies targeting tumor-associated antigens are associated with favorable clinical outcomes and response to immunotherapy. However, polyclonal B cell activation can lead to pro-inflammatory responses. Novel therapeutic approaches are being explored to enhance the development of TLS and anti-tumor B cells for cancer therapy.

NATURE REVIEWS CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2022)

Review Immunology

T cell help in the autoreactive germinal center

Elliot H. Akama-Garren et al.

Summary: The germinal center serves as a crucial site for B cell selection and affinity maturation, with follicular T cells playing a key role in this process. Recent studies have elucidated the emerging roles of follicular T cells in autoimmune reactions and their potential therapeutic targets.

SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Reversible CD8 T cell-neuron cross-talk causes aging- dependent neuronal regenerative decline

Luming Zhou et al.

Summary: Aging is associated with increased prevalence of axonal injuries, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study found that T cell signaling is enriched in mice before and after sciatic nerve injury (SNI), and this signaling promotes immune cell recruitment and axonal injury through the activation of specific proteins. Inhibition of T cell recruitment facilitates axonal regeneration.

SCIENCE (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Loss of vascular endothelial notch signaling promotes spontaneous formation of tertiary lymphoid structures

Susanne Fleig et al.

Summary: Loss of endothelial Notch signaling in adult mice leads to spontaneous formation of bona fide TLS in non-lymphoid organs like the kidney, liver, and lung. These TLS form around parenchymal arteries and involve loss of arterial specification and acquisition of a high endothelial cell phenotype.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

Article Oncology

Unique characteristics of tertiary lymphoid structures in kidney clear cell carcinoma: prognostic outcome and comparison with bladder cancer

Tsukasa Masuda et al.

Summary: This study compared the characteristics of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) between clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and bladder cancer, and found significant differences in TLS status, prognostic impact, maturity and spatial distribution, as well as the immune microenvironment surrounding TLSs between the two cancers.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2022)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

CXCL13-producing CD4+T cells accumulate in the early phase of tertiary lymphoid structures in ovarian cancer

Masayo Ukita et al.

Summary: The formation of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) is associated with CXCL13-producing CD4+ T cells, and TLS facilitates the coordinated antitumor response of cellular and humoral immunity in ovarian cancer.

JCI INSIGHT (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Expansion of cytotoxic tissue-resident CD8+ T cells and CCR6+CD161+ CD4+ T cells in the nasal mucosa following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination

Aloysious Ssemaganda et al.

Summary: This study investigates T cells in the nasal mucosa and blood after vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. The results show an increase in tissue-resident memory CD8(+) T cells expressing CD69(+)CD103(+) in the nasal mucosa after the first and second doses, while CD69(+)CD103(+)CD8(+) T cells in the blood decrease post-vaccination. There is also an increase in nasal CD8(+)CD69(+)CD103(-) T cells, particularly following the second dose. Additionally, CD4(+) cells co-expressing CCR6 and CD161 are increased in abundance following both doses. Stimulation of nasal CD8(+) T cells with SARS-CoV-2 spike peptides elevates expression of CD107a and cytokines.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Chronic stress induces colonic tertiary lymphoid organ formation and protection against secondary injury through IL-23/IL-22 signaling

Adrian Gomez-Nguyen et al.

Summary: The study found that psychological stress can induce the formation of colonic TLOs through intrinsic alterations in IL-23 signaling, rather than through extrinsic influence from the microbiome. Furthermore, chronic stress is protective against secondary insult from colitis, suggesting that TLOs may improve mucosal barrier function.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2022)

Article Cell Biology

cis interaction of CD153 with TCR/CD3 is crucial for the pathogenic activation of senescence-associated T cells

Yuji Fukushima et al.

Summary: This study reveals that the interaction between CD153 and CD30 plays a crucial role in the reciprocal activation of SA-T and Spt-GC B cells during aging, leading to immunosenescent phenotypes and autoimmunity.

CELL REPORTS (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Decreased Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Lung Adenocarcinomas with ALK Rearrangements

Yi Zou et al.

Summary: This study found that ALK+ LUAD has lower TLS formation and immune cell density, which is closely related to tumor progression and may contribute to the poor efficiency of ICIs.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2022)

Article Oncology

Cancer immunotherapies transition endothelial cells into HEVs that generate TCF1+ T lymphocyte niches through a feed-forward loop

Yichao Hua et al.

Summary: The lack of T cell infiltrates hinders effective immunotherapy in cancer, while the formation of tumor-associated tertiary-lymphoid-like structures (TA-TLLSs) is associated with a good prognosis. This study reveals that antiangiogenic immune-modulating therapies can induce the transformation of postcapillary venules into inflamed high-endothelial venules (HEVs) through lymphotoxin/lymphotoxin beta receptor (LT/LTbR) signaling. Tumor HEVs enhance intratumoral lymphocyte influx and promote the differentiation of CD8 T cell progenitors into effector cells, contributing to tumor immunotherapy.

CANCER CELL (2022)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

CD153/CD30 signaling promotes age-dependent tertiary lymphoid tissue expansion and kidney injury

Yuki Sato et al.

Summary: The CD153/CD30 signaling pathway plays an important role in the formation of Tertiary lymphoid tissues (TLTs), which can slow down the progression of kidney disease.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2022)

Review Immunology

Interplay of immune and kidney resident cells in the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures in lupus nephritis

Simin Jamaly et al.

Summary: Kidney involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) leads to significant morbidity and mortality, with lupus nephritis (LN) pathogenesis involving diverse mechanisms driven by autoimmune response elements. This alters the biology of kidney resident cells, with processes in the glomeruli and interstitium potentially proceeding independently but with inevitable crosstalk. Various cells and molecules play a role in the injury and damage of the kidney, and targeting these components therapeutically may prevent or reverse kidney failure. Additionally, tertiary lymphoid structures in the kidneys of patients with lupus nephritis have been associated with poorer renal outcomes, formed by a complex interaction of immune cells and kidney resident cells.

AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS (2021)

Article Dermatology

Tertiary lymphoid structures with overlapping histopathologic features of cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma during neoadjuvant cemiplimab therapy are associated with antitumor response

Keith J. Sweeney et al.

Summary: The development of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has shifted the paradigm in cancer treatment, with neoadjuvant ICI therapy followed by surgery becoming the standard of care for several advanced-stage cancers. The pathology associated with ICI therapy includes tissue reactions, activation of TLSs, and off-target immune-related adverse events, with clonal expansion of B-cells in TLSs during neoadjuvant therapy being a critical factor in recognizing the response to ICI therapy.

JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY (2021)

Review Immunology

Tertiary Lymphoid Structures: Diversity in Their Development, Composition, and Role

Catarina Gago da Graca et al.

Summary: This review focuses on the role of lymph node stromal cells and TLSs in coordinating adaptive immune responses and their potential impact on diseases, particularly autoimmunity and cancer. The discussion includes recent findings on the function and formation of these structures and their possible role in promoting tolerance.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Article Immunology

Ileitis-associated tertiary lymphoid organs arise at lymphatic valves and impede mesenteric lymph flow in response to tumor necrosis factor

Rafael S. Czepielewski et al.

Summary: The formation of tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) in the mesentery is a feature of Crohn's disease, blocking cellular and molecular outflow from the gut and causing lymph leakage and backflow. TNF neutralization at early stages can restore lymph transport, but developed chronic TLOs resist regression and restoration of flow after TNF neutralization. TNF stimulation of lymphatic endothelial cells disrupts immune cell transport and valve-associated gene induction, contributing to Crohn's disease pathology.

IMMUNITY (2021)

Article Urology & Nephrology

Tertiary lymphoid tissue in early-stage IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis incidentally detected with a tumor lesion of the ureteropelvic junction: a case report

Tatsuhito Miyanaga et al.

Summary: The case report describes a 72-year-old Japanese man with IgG4-related kidney disease and the presence of tertiary lymphoid tissue (TLT) containing germinal centers. The study suggests that TLT formation is related to the development of IgG4-TIN and may help elucidate the pathophysiology of IgG4-TIN.

BMC NEPHROLOGY (2021)

Article Oncology

CXCL13 shapes immunoactive tumor microenvironment and enhances the efficacy of PD-1 checkpoint blockade in high-grade serous ovarian cancer

Moran Yang et al.

Summary: This study reveals the critical role of CXCL13 in shaping the antitumor microenvironment by facilitating the maintenance of CXCR5(+)CD8(+) T cells in TLSs, and supports a clinical investigation for a combination of CXCL13 and PD-1 blockade therapy in HGSC.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2021)

Article Immunology

T resident helper cells promote humoral responses in the lung

Nivedya Swarnalekha et al.

Summary: Following influenza infection, long-lived T-RH cells are established in the lung, dependent on B cells in iBALT, for rapid response to subsequent infections. Deletion of Bcl6 in CD4(+) T cells results in redistribution of T cells and impaired local antibody production.

SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Meta-analysis of tumor- and T cell-intrinsic mechanisms of sensitization to checkpoint inhibition

Kevin Litchfield et al.

Summary: Checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) enhance adaptive immunity, with clonal tumor mutation burden (TMB) identified as the strongest predictor of CPI response. Dinucleotide variants may serve as a source of immunogenic epitopes, while copy-number alterations and HLA evolutionary divergence lack pan-cancer significance.
Article Immunology

Longitudinal profiling of respiratory and systemic immune responses reveals myeloid cell-driven lung inflammation in severe COVID-19

Peter A. Szabo et al.

Summary: This study investigated the immune responses in the respiratory tract and blood of severe COVID-19 patients, revealing that T cells in the airways showed protective profiles while myeloid cells exhibited hyperinflammatory signatures. These findings provide important insights for understanding and treating COVID-19 lung pathology.

IMMUNITY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Simultaneous targeting of primary tumor, draining lymph node, and distant metastases through high endothelial venule-targeted delivery

Liwei Jiang et al.

Summary: The newly developed MHA112-Taxol drug delivery platform can simultaneously target tumors, TDLNs, and metastatic lesions, effectively reducing the size of primary tumors and the number of metastatic lesions.

NANO TODAY (2021)

Review Peripheral Vascular Disease

High endothelial venules (HEVs) in immunity, inflammation and cancer

Lucas Blanchard et al.

Summary: High endothelial venules (HEVs) are essential for lymphocyte circulation and immune surveillance in lymph nodes and secondary lymphoid organs. These specialized blood vessels expand during inflammation and play important roles in chronic inflammatory diseases. MECA-79(+) tumor-associated HEVs also play crucial roles in promoting lymphocyte entry into tumors in cancer immunotherapy.

ANGIOGENESIS (2021)

Article Oncology

Tertiary lymphoid structures show infiltration of effective tumor-resident T cells in gastric cancer

Takuya Mori et al.

Summary: Multiple studies have shown that CD103(+) T cells in the tumor microenvironment of gastric cancer are associated with a better prognosis, especially when combined with TLSs. Patients with both CD103(high) cells and rich TLSs tend to have a better response to PD-1 blockade therapy, indicating enhanced antitumor immunity in GC.

CANCER SCIENCE (2021)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Identification and characterisation of tertiary lymphoid organs in human type 1 diabetes

Eva Korpos et al.

Summary: TLOs were found in the pancreas of individuals with type 1 diabetes, showing similarities with TLOs in NOD mouse pancreases. These TLOs may play a crucial role in autoimmune processes, especially in relation to insulin-containing islets, with their frequency decreasing as beta cell loss severity increases.

DIABETOLOGIA (2021)

Article Oncology

Tertiary lymphoid structures marker CXCL13 is associated with better survival for patients with advanced-stage bladder cancer treated with immunotherapy

Clarice S. Groeneveld et al.

Summary: The study revealed that CXCL13 transcript expression is a prognostic biomarker for ICI-treated MIBC patients and serves as a marker of TLS in MIBC, indicating its predictive value for response to ICI therapy.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER (2021)

Review Immunology

Fibroblast heterogeneity and tertiary lymphoid tissues in the kidney

Hiroyuki Arai et al.

Summary: Fibroblasts play important roles in maintaining tissue structure and homeostasis under physiological conditions, but their phenotypic alterations can lead to various pathological conditions. Recent research has shown that fibroblasts consist of heterogeneous subpopulations with both beneficial and detrimental effects in a context-dependent manner, particularly in the development of chronic kidney disease in the kidney.

IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2021)

Article Immunology

SARS-CoV-2 infection generates tissue-localized immunological memory in humans

Maya M. L. Poon et al.

Summary: Research has shown that SARS-CoV-2-specific immune memory persists in organs for up to 6 months post-infection, with lungs and lymph nodes being the most prevalent sites, indicating coordinated local tissue immunity for protection against future infections.

SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Review Immunology

STINGing the Tumor Microenvironment to Promote Therapeutic Tertiary Lymphoid Structure Development

Jessica N. Filderman et al.

Summary: Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are unique lymphoid tissues that conditionally form in peripheral tissues in a milieu of sustained inflammation, serving as regional sites for induction and expansion of the host B and T cell repertoires. Therapeutic strategies targeting DC, VEC, and local cytokine/chemokine profiles actively promote TLS formation and the development of an inflammatory tumor microenvironment.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Review Oncology

Immune checkpoint inhibitors in treatment of soft-tissue sarcoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Michael Saerens et al.

Summary: The study evaluates the activity of ICPIs in the treatment of soft-tissue sarcomas (STS), revealing significant differences in their performance based on histologic subtype, disease setting, and combination treatment strategy. ICPIs showed high clinical activity in classic Kaposi sarcoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma, and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma subtypes.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Agonistic CD40 therapy induces tertiary lymphoid structures but impairs responses to checkpoint blockade in glioma

Luuk van Hooren et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that the use of immunostimulatory CD40 antibodies in glioma models promotes the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures but does not improve survival and impairs the response to immune checkpoint blockade.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

B cell signatures and tertiary lymphoid structures contribute to outcome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Ayana T. Ruffin et al.

Summary: The study suggests that enhancing TIL-B responses in HNSCC, particularly in HPV+ cases, could complement current T cell immunotherapies. The presence of tumor infiltrating B cells with GCs in TLS is associated with better survival outcomes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Cell Biology

Immune mechanisms orchestrate tertiary lymphoid structures in tumors via cancer-associated fibroblasts

Anthony B. Rodriguez et al.

Summary: The study reveals that the development of tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structures (TA-TLS) is orchestrated by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) with characteristics of lymphoid tissue organizer cells, mediated by CD8 T cells and CXCL13-mediated recruitment of B cells. The presence and size of TA-TLS are correlated with reduced tumor size and overall response to checkpoint immunotherapy, providing a potential platform for cancer immunotherapy strategy.

CELL REPORTS (2021)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Pancreatic Cancer Chemotherapy Is Potentiated by Induction of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Mice

Francesca R. Delvecchio et al.

Summary: The study indicates that inducing TLS in pancreatic cancer may enhance the antitumor activity of chemotherapy, and combination chemotherapy and immunotherapy can induce TLS formation, ultimately leading to tumor reduction.

CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2021)

Article Oncology

Mature tertiary lymphoid structures predict immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in solid tumors independently of PD-L1 expression

Lucile Vanhersecke et al.

Summary: The presence of mature tertiary lymphoid structures is associated with improved response to immunotherapy in cancer patients, predicting objective response rates, progression-free survival, and overall survival. These findings support the potential use of TLS detection to select patients who are more likely to benefit from immune checkpoint blockade.

NATURE CANCER (2021)

Article Oncology

Germinal center reactions in tertiary lymphoid structures associate with neoantigen burden, humoral immunity and long-term survivorship in pancreatic cancer

Andrew J. Gunderson et al.

Summary: PDAC tumors show T cell inflamed phenotypes, with some tumors having early-stage TLS which correlates with higher survival rates.

ONCOIMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Review Immunology

Regulation of immune responses by the airway epithelial cell landscape

Richard J. Hewitt et al.

Summary: The community of cells lining our airways collaborates in maintaining immune homeostasis in the lung and protecting against pathogens and pollutants in the air. Single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals cellular heterogeneity in the airway wall and identifies novel cell populations with unique molecular signatures and functions in health and disease. This review discusses the evolving understanding of the airway epithelial landscape with a focus on interactions with the local neuronal and immune systems.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Tertiary lymphoid organs are associated with the progression of kidney damage and regulated by interleukin-17A

Ran Luo et al.

Summary: Renal TLOs are associated with the severity of IgA nephropathy and serve as independent risk factors for disease progression. Inhibiting the formation of renal TLOs can reduce intrarenal inflammation and fibrosis, with early intervention being more effective. IL-17A plays a role in the formation of renal TLOs, and genetic depletion or treatment with anti-IL-17A antibody can reduce TLOs formation and alleviate renal inflammation and fibrosis.

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Antiangiogenic immunotherapy suppresses desmoplastic and chemoresistant intestinal tumors in mice

Simone Ragusa et al.

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B cells are associated with survival and immunotherapy response in sarcoma

Florent Petitprez et al.

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Tertiary lymphoid structures improve immunotherapy and survival in melanoma

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B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures promote immunotherapy response

Beth A. Helmink et al.

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