☆ 4.7 Review

The gut-liver axis and gut microbiota in health and liver disease

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2023)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Inulin intervention attenuates hepatic steatosis in rats via modulating gut microbiota and maintaining intestinal barrier function

Zhandong Yang et al.

Summary: Evidence suggests that the prebiotic inulin can mitigate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but its mechanisms of action are not well understood. This study found that inulin consumption improved hepatic steatosis and inflammation, restored liver lipogenesis regulators, and enhanced intestinal barrier integrity and function. Inulin also regulated the gut microbiota composition, increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria and reducing opportunistic pathogens. Furthermore, inulin intervention affected tryptophan metabolism and altered fecal metabolite levels in NAFLD rats. These findings suggest that inulin intake may be a novel approach for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.

FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL (2023)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Any alcohol use in NAFLD patients is associated with significant changes to the intestinal virome

Cynthia L. Hsu et al.

Summary: This study compares the intestinal viromes of patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), in order to evaluate the effects of alcohol consumption on the intestinal viromes of NAFLD patients. The results show significant differences in the intestinal viromes between NAFLD and AUD patients, and that alcohol use in NAFLD patients reclassified to MAFLD accounts for these differences.

HEPATOLOGY (2023)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Fructooligosaccharides attenuate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by remodeling gut microbiota and association with lipid metabolism

Xiaoqing Huang et al.

Summary: This study investigated the therapeutic effects of fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) on a mouse model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The results showed that FOSs can attenuate metabolic and hepatic lipid changes caused by NAFLD, reshape the gut microbiota, and down-regulate the expression levels of genes associated with lipid metabolism and inflammation.

BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY (2023)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Differences in Bacterial Translocation and Liver Injury in Ethanol Versus Diet-Induced Liver Disease

Cynthia L. Hsu et al.

Summary: Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are two common causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. Changes in intestinal permeability and gut microbial translocation play important roles in the inflammation of both ALD and NAFLD. However, differences in gut microbial translocation between the two etiologies have not been compared, which can provide better understanding of their pathogenesis.

DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES (2023)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The fecal mycobiome in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Munevver Demir et al.

Summary: The study found that the fecal fungal composition of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with disease severity. Non-obese NAFLD patients have a distinct fungal ratio in their feces compared to other types of patients. Antifungal treatment in a mouse model can reduce liver damage from steatohepatitis.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Role of bile acids and their receptors in gastrointestinal and hepatic pathophysiology

Claudia D. Fuchs et al.

Summary: Bile acids play a crucial role in regulating metabolism and homeostasis, and their disrupted balance can contribute to gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Targeting bile acid pathways may provide novel treatment strategies for these disorders.

NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

SER-109, an Oral Microbiome Therapy for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection

Paul Feuerstadt et al.

Summary: SER-109 microbiome therapy is superior to placebo in reducing the risk of recurrent C. difficile infection, and has a similar safety profile as placebo.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Microbiology

Candidalysins Are a New Family of Cytolytic Fungal Peptide Toxins

Jonathan P. Richardson et al.

Summary: The study identifies the first family of peptide toxins, called candidalysins, in human-pathogenic fungi. These toxins are secreted by Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis, and Candida tropicalis, and are responsible for causing cell damage, calcium influx, and activation of signaling pathways and cytokine secretion. Candidalysins from C. dubliniensis and C. tropicalis exhibit higher damaging and activation potential than C. albicans candidalysin, with faster membrane binding and disruption.

MBIO (2022)

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Article Biology

Gut microbial trimethylamine is elevated in alcohol-associated hepatitis and contributes to ethanol-induced liver injury in mice

Robert N. Helsley et al.

Summary: Elevated levels of microbial metabolite TMA in patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) are found to be correlated with reduced hepatic expression of TMA oxygenase FMO3. Small molecule inhibition of gut microbial TMA production can protect mice from ethanol-induced liver injury.

ELIFE (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Microbiota engraftment after faecal microbiota transplantation in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, double-blind, randomised controlled trial

Siew C. Ng et al.

Summary: Repeated FMTs enhance microbiota engraftment in obese patients with T2DM, leading to more favorable changes in recipients' microbiota and improvement in lipid profile and liver stiffness when combined with lifestyle intervention.

GUT (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Long-term Outcomes of Stool Transplant in Alcohol-associated Hepatitis-Analysis of Clinical Outcomes, Relapse, Gut Microbiota and Comparisons with Standard Care

Cyriac A. Philips et al.

Summary: This study found that healthy donor fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is associated with significantly lower incidence of ascites, infections, encephalopathy, and alcohol relapse, as well as higher survival rates, in patients with severe alcohol-associated hepatitis (SAH) compared to standard of care (SoC). Furthermore, FMT was shown to have beneficial modulation of gut microbiota (GM).

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Microbiology

Host hepatic metabolism is modulated by gut microbiota-derived sphingolipids

Henry H. Le et al.

Summary: Microbially-derived gut metabolites play an important role in host phenotypes. This study traces bacterial sphingolipids from gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron to mouse colons and livers, and finds that bacterial sphingolipid synthesis can rescue excess lipid accumulation in a mouse model of hepatic steatosis. The transfer of this sphingolipid to the liver potentially contributes to microbiota-mediated liver function.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Fecal microbiota transplantation in alcohol-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure: an open-label clinical trial

Anima Sharma et al.

Summary: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is safe and improves short-term and medium-term survival, as well as clinical severity scores, in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis presenting as acute-on-chronic liver failure.

HEPATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL (2022)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The effect of increasing intestinal short-chain fatty acid concentration on gut permeability and liver injury in the context of liver disease: A systematic review

Keith Pohl et al.

Summary: Supplementation of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) has shown potential as a therapy for liver disease by improving gut barrier function. Studies have demonstrated that SCFA supplementation can reduce liver injury and intestinal permeability, leading to improved liver disease models. However, the outcome measures used in the existing research may not be practical for human studies.

JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Interactions between Tryptophan Metabolism, the Gut Microbiome and the Immune System as Potential Drivers of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Metabolic Diseases

Charlotte Teunis et al.

Summary: The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its burden of disease are increasing. NAFLD is associated with cirrhosis and other metabolic conditions such as diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis. These cardiometabolic diseases are linked by a state of low-grade inflammation, characterized by elevated levels of cytokines and C-reactive protein. The metabolism of tryptophan, specifically its three main pathways, may be a therapeutic target for reducing the inflammation associated with NAFLD and its related conditions.

METABOLITES (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Effect of a specific Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 strain on minimal/mild hepatic encephalopathy treatment

Elina Manzhalii et al.

Summary: The study found that patients treated with rifaximin or EcN showed a more significant reduction in serum ammonia and normalization of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli abundance compared to the lactulose group. Moreover, EcN-treated patients performed 15% faster on the Stroop test than the lactulose group patients.

WORLD JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Postbiotics Prepared Using Lactobacillus paracasei CCFM1224 Prevent Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Modulating the Gut Microbiota and Liver Metabolism

Zhenghao Pan et al.

Summary: Postbiotics may protect against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by modulating the gut microbiota and liver metabolism, improving weight, lipid metabolism, and inflammation. These findings are significant for the development of functional foods related to NAFLD.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Intestinal transgene delivery with native E. coli chassis allows persistent physiological changes

Baylee J. Russell et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates the potential of using native bacteria as chassis for transgene delivery to manipulate the gut microbiome and reverse pathology in conventionally raised hosts.

CELL (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Within-host evolution of a gut pathobiont facilitates liver translocation

Yi Yang et al.

Summary: This study reveals that within-host evolution of gut commensal bacteria plays a critical role in bacterial translocation and initiation of inflammation. Gut microbiota strains can adapt and evolve, affecting their propensity to elicit inflammatory diseases. The changes in bacterial behavior are associated with genetic mutations, altered microbial gene expression programs, and remodelled cell wall structures.

NATURE (2022)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

GUT PHYSIOLOGY The microbiome and gut homeostasis

Jee-Yon Lee et al.

Summary: Changes in gut microbiota composition are linked to various human diseases. However, defining homeostasis or dysbiosis based on the presence or absence of specific microbial species has been unsuccessful. The adult gut microbiota is regulated by diet and host factors, with oxygen and nitrate availability shaping the bacterial community in different parts of the gut. Poor diet weakens host control mechanisms, potentially leading to dysbiosis. Therefore, quantifying host parameters that control microbial growth could offer alternative approaches to define and remediate dysbiosis.

SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Immunology

Effect of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Lanfeng Xue et al.

Summary: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can attenuate fat accumulation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by improving gut microbiota dysbiosis. Significant differences in clinical features and gut microbiota were observed between lean and obese NAFLD patients, with FMT showing better effects in lean NAFLD patients.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Microbiome-derived ethanol in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Abraham S. Meijnikman et al.

Summary: This study found that microbial ethanol might contribute to pathogenesis in some patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The research suggests that microbial ethanol could be considered in the pathogenesis of this highly prevalent liver disease.

NATURE MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Variability of strain engraftment and predictability of microbiome composition after fecal microbiota transplantation across different diseases

Gianluca Ianiro et al.

Summary: Our study on the dynamics of microbiome engraftment after FMT and its association with clinical variables uncovered species-specific patterns and presented machine learning models able to predict donors and optimize microbial engraftment.

NATURE MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Immunology

Liver cirrhosis and immune dysfunction

Elda Hasa et al.

Summary: Cirrhosis is a common cause of death worldwide, and it is an end-stage liver disease caused by various factors. The progression of cirrhosis involves the continuation of alcohol or toxin exposure, dysbiosis of gut microbiota, increased gut permeability, and disrupted immune response.

INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Intestinal virome in patients with alcohol use disorder and after abstinence

Cynthia L. Hsu et al.

Summary: Alcohol use contributes to the progression of liver disease through changes in the intestinal virome. Patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) have a different virome composition compared to controls, and the virome signature is also different between patients with progressive and nonprogressive liver disease. The interactions between bacteriophages and their target bacteria play a role in the progression of alcohol-associated liver disease.

HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Efficacy and Safety of Aldafermin, an Engineered FGF19 Analog, in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

Stephen A. Harrison et al.

Summary: In a phase 2 trial of patients with NASH, aldafermin reduced liver fat content significantly and showed potential improvement in fibrosis.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

A Randomized Clinical Trial of Fecal Microbiota Transplant for Alcohol Use Disorder

Jasmohan S. Bajaj et al.

Summary: This study suggests that FMT may be a safe and effective treatment for patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis, reducing alcohol craving and consumption while improving cognition and quality of life.

HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Microbiota tryptophan metabolism induces aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation and improves alcohol-induced liver injury

Laura Wrzosek et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that targeting the intestinal microbiota can improve alcoholic liver disease, with a key role played by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway.

GUT (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Interaction of bacterial metagenome and virome in patients with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy

Jasmohan S. Bajaj et al.

Summary: Altered bacterial composition in the gut is associated with disease progression in cirrhosis, while the role of phages, especially in virome, is less significant. Rifaximin therapy resulted in changes in certain types of bacteria and phages related to disease progression and hospitalizations in patients with cirrhosis.

GUT (2021)

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Review Microbiology

Gut microbiota in human metabolic health and disease

Yong Fan et al.

Summary: The intestinal microbiota plays a significant role in human metabolic health, potentially contributing to the development of common metabolic disorders when dysregulated. Current research is shifting towards cause-and-effect studies and utilizing high-throughput human multi-omics data to identify potential molecular mechanisms behind these associations.

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Fasudil on Myocardial Injury in Rats with Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion through Rho-ROCK Signal Pathway

Zhiyun Zhu et al.

Summary: The study investigates the specific influence of fasudil on cardiac damage in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion mice, showing that it can decrease cardiomyocyte apoptosis rate and myocardial ischemic area by reducing Rho-ROCK kinase activity. Additionally, fasudil improves the ultrastructure of the rat heart and enhances left ventricular diastolic and systolic function.

CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Commensal-driven immune zonation of the liver promotes host defence

Anita Gola et al.

Summary: The study reveals that immune cells in the liver also exhibit zonation, which is regulated by microbiome sensing by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and plays a crucial role in host defense. Immune cells concentrate asymmetrically around periportal regions in the liver, and this spatial polarization is more efficient in protecting against systemic bacterial dissemination compared to a uniform distribution. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells actively sense the microbiome and orchestrate the localization of immune cells to optimize host defense.

NATURE (2021)

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News Item Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Research in brief

Holly Baker

LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

A randomised placebo controlled trial of VSL#3® probiotic on biomarkers of cardiovascular risk and liver injury in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Pui Lin Chong et al.

Summary: The study found that VSL#3 (R) probiotics did not significantly improve cardiovascular risk and liver injury biomarkers in patients with NAFLD. However, the study supported an association between endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in patients with NAFLD and suggested a link between NAFLD and insulin resistance.

BMC GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Elizabeth E. Powell et al.

Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common global health issue with significant associations with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, leading to serious complications like cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. While cardiovascular disease and extrahepatic malignancy are the main causes of death in NAFLD patients, advanced liver fibrosis is a key prognostic marker for liver-related outcomes and overall mortality.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics

Seppo Salminen et al.

Summary: In 2019, ISAPP convened a panel of experts to review the definition and scope of postbiotics. The panel defined postbiotics as a preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit on the host. This definition aims to provide common ground for future activities in this area.

NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Intestinal virome and therapeutic potential of bacteriophages in liver disease

Cynthia L. Hsu et al.

Summary: Humans have a large number of microbes in their intestinal tract, some of which are associated with liver disease. The virome in the intestines of patients with liver disease is little understood, but phages may have therapeutic potential for targeting pathogenic bacteria.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The microbiota in cirrhosis and its role in hepatic decompensation

Jonel Trebicka et al.

Summary: Cirrhosis, the end-stage of chronic liver disease, is closely associated with intestinal bacterial overgrowth and dysbiosis. These factors contribute to hepatocyte death, infections, systemic inflammation, and organ failure. Targeting the microbiota with strategies such as antibiotics, fecal microbial transplantation, and enterosorbents may prevent acute decompensation and improve outcomes for patients with ACLF.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

The Effect of Probiotics (MCP(R) BCMC(R) Strains) on Hepatic Steatosis, Small Intestinal Mucosal Immune Function, and Intestinal Barrier in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Mohamad Hizami Mohamad Nor et al.

Summary: The use of probiotics did not lead to significant clinical improvement in NAFLD patients in terms of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis levels, but at the microenvironment level, probiotics seemed to stabilize mucosal immune function and protect patients against increased intestinal permeability. Further studies with larger sample sizes and different probiotic strains are needed to evaluate the true benefit of probiotics in NAFLD.

NUTRIENTS (2021)

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Article Oncology

Chronic liver disease enables gut Enterococcus faecalis colonization to promote liver carcinogenesis

Noriho Iida et al.

Summary: The study revealed that Enterococcus faecalis is abundant in the microbiota of patients with hepatitis C virus-related chronic liver disease, promoting liver carcinogenesis via the TLR4-Myd88 signaling pathway.

NATURE CANCER (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Neonatal exposure to a wild-derived microbiome protects mice against diet-induced obesity

Benedikt Hild et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that a wild-derived microbiome can protect against weight gain and negative consequences through early postnatal metabolic programming and brown adipose tissue activation. This protective effect is only transferable during the early stages of life and does not produce the same results in adult mice.

NATURE METABOLISM (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The Candida albicans exotoxin candidalysin promotes alcohol-associated liver disease

Huikuan Chu et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

TMAVA, a Metabolite of Intestinal Microbes, Is Increased in Plasma From Patients With Liver Steatosis, Inhibits γ-Butyrobetaine Hydroxylase, and Exacerbates Fatty Liver in Mice

Mingming Zhao et al.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Synbiotic Alters Fecal Microbiomes, but not Liver Fat or Fibrosis, in a Randomized Trial of Patients With Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Eleonora Scorletti et al.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Indole Alleviates Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis and Inflammation in a Manner Involving Myeloid Cell 6-Phosphofructo-2-Kinase/Fructose-2,6-Biphosphatase 3

Linqiang Ma et al.

HEPATOLOGY (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Cytolysin-positive Enterococcus faecalis is not increased in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Sonja Lang et al.

LIVER INTERNATIONAL (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Microbial bile acid metabolites modulate gut RORγ+ regulatory T cell homeostasis

Xinyang Song et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Allogenic Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Improves Abnormal Small Intestinal Permeability: A Randomized Control Trial

Laura Craven et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Volixibat in adults with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: 24-week interim analysis from a randomized, phase II study

Philip N. Newsome et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2020)

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Article Oncology

Liver cirrhosis contributes to the disorder of gut microbiota in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Ruipeng Zheng et al.

CANCER MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Bacterial metabolism of bile acids promotes generation of peripheral regulatory T cells

Clarissa Campbell et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Delivery routes for faecal microbiota transplants: Available, anticipated and aspired

Monica Gulati et al.

PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH (2020)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Disease

Marco Witkowski et al.

CIRCULATION RESEARCH (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Intestinal Virome Signature Associated With Severity of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Sonja Lang et al.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Intestinal Virome in Patients With Alcoholic Hepatitis

Lu Jiang et al.

HEPATOLOGY (2020)

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Review Microbiology

Microbiota and Fatty Liver Disease - the Known, the Unknown, and the Future

Sonja Lang et al.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2020)

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Article Microbiology

Programing of an Intravascular Immune Firewall by the Gut Microbiota Protects against Pathogen Dissemination during Infection

Braedon McDonald et al.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2020)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Effects of probiotic and prebiotic supplementation on metabolic parameters, liver aminotransferases, and systemic inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized clinical trial

Vahideh Behrouz et al.

JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Distinct signatures of gut microbiome and metabolites associated with significant fibrosis in non-obese NAFLD

Giljae Lee et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Donor Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Alters Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Obese Individuals With Steatohepatitis

Julia J. Witjes et al.

HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Animal models to study bile acid metabolism

Jianing Li et al.

BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE (2019)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Is Associated With Gut Microbiota Profile and Inflammation in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Francesca Romana Ponziani et al.

HEPATOLOGY (2019)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

The effects of dietary supplementation with inulin and inulin-propionate ester on hepatic steatosis in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Edward S. Chambers et al.

DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM (2019)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gut microbiome analysis as a tool towards targeted non-invasive biomarkers for early hepatocellular carcinoma

Zhigang Ren et al.

GUT (2019)

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Review Chemistry, Applied

Exopolysaccharides of lactic acid bacteria: Structure, bioactivity and associations: A review

Yang Zhou et al.

CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS (2019)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Human Anti-fungal Th17 Immunity and Pathology Rely on Cross-Reactivity against Candida albicans

Petra Bacher et al.

CELL (2019)

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Article Immunology

The Short Chain Fatty Acid Butyrate Imprints an Antimicrobial Program in Macrophages

Julie Schulthess et al.

IMMUNITY (2019)

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Article Microbiology

Dynamics of Human Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Response to Dietary Interventions with Three Fermentable Fibers

Nielson T. Baxter et al.

MBIO (2019)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Fecal Microbial Transplant Capsules Are Safe in Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Phase 1, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Jasmohan S. Bajaj et al.

HEPATOLOGY (2019)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Intestinal Fungal Dysbiosis and Systemic Immune Response to Fungi in Patients With Alcoholic Hepatitis

Sonja Lang et al.

HEPATOLOGY (2019)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

FXR modulates the gut-vascular barrier by regulating the entry sites for bacterial translocation in experimental cirrhosis

Marcel Sorribas et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2019)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Supplementation with Akkermansia muciniphila in overweight and obese human volunteers: a proof-of-concept exploratory study

Clara Depommier et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study of a Multispecies Probiotic Mixture in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Sang Bong Anh et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2019)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Norursodeoxycholic acid versus placebo in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 dose-finding trial

Stefan Traussnigg et al.

LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2019)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Microbiota-driven gut vascular barrier disruption is a prerequisite for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis development

Juliette Mouries et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2019)

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Article Cell Biology

Fatty Liver Disease Caused by High-Alcohol-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae

Jing Yuan et al.

CELL METABOLISM (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Bile acid metabolites control TH17 and Treg cell differentiation

Saiyu Hang et al.

NATURE (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Bacteriophage targeting of gut bacterium attenuates alcoholic liver disease

Yi Duan et al.

NATURE (2019)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Drug-Resistant E. coli Bacteremia Transmitted by Fecal Microbiota Transplant

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NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2019)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Epidemiology and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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GASTROENTEROLOGY (2019)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Bacteria engineered to produce IL-22 in intestine induce expression of REG3G to reduce ethanol-induced liver disease in mice

Tim Hendrikx et al.

GUT (2019)

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Article Cell Biology

An engineered E-coli Nissle improves hyperammonemia and survival in mice and shows dose-dependent exposure in healthy humans

Caroline B. Kurtz et al.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2019)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Fungal dysbiosis in cirrhosis

Jasmohan S. Bajaj et al.

GUT (2018)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Suppressed hepatic bile acid signalling despite elevated production of primary and secondary bile acids in NAFLD

Na Jiao et al.

GUT (2018)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Recovery of ethanol-induced Akkermansia muciniphila depletion ameliorates alcoholic liver disease

Christoph Grander et al.

GUT (2018)

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Article Neurosciences

Neurotransmitter modulation by the gut microbiota

Philip Strandwitz

BRAIN RESEARCH (2018)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The gut microbiota metabolite indole alleviates liver inflammation in mice

Martin Beaumont et al.

FASEB JOURNAL (2018)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Antibiotic-Associated Disruption of Microbiota Composition and Function in Cirrhosis Is Restored by Fecal Transplant

Jasmohan S. Bajaj et al.

HEPATOLOGY (2018)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Modulation of the intestinal bile acid/farnesoid X receptor/fibroblast growth factor 15 axis improves alcoholic liver disease in mice

Phillipp Hartmann et al.

HEPATOLOGY (2018)

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Editorial Material Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Exploring new treatment paradigms for alcoholic hepatitis by extrapolating from NASH and cholestasis

Thoetchai (Bee) Peeraphatdit et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2018)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

A Multi-strain Probiotic Reduces the Fatty Liver Index, Cytokines and Aminotransferase levels in NAFLD Patients: Evidence from a Randomized Clinical Trial

Nazarii Kobyliak et al.

JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER DISEASES (2018)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

NGM282 for treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial

Stephen A. Harrison et al.

LANCET (2018)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Molecular phenomics and metagenomics of hepatic steatosis in non-diabetic obese women

Lesley Hoyles et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Gut microbiome-mediated bile acid metabolism regulates liver cancer via NKT cells

Chi Ma et al.

SCIENCE (2018)

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Review Immunology

IgA Responses to Microbiota

Jeffrey J. Bunker et al.

IMMUNITY (2018)

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Dysregulated Microbial Fermentation of Soluble Fiber Induces Cholestatic Liver Cancer

Vishal Singh et al.

CELL (2018)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

FXR-Dependent Modulation of the Human Small Intestinal Microbiome by the Bile Acid Derivative Obeticholic Acid

Elliot S. Friedman et al.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2018)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Colonocyte metabolism shapes the gut microbiota

Yael Litvak et al.

SCIENCE (2018)

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The fungal peptide toxin Candidalysin activates the NLRP3 inflammasome and causes cytolysis in mononuclear phagocytes

Lydia Kasper et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Dysregulation of serum bile acids and FGF19 in alcoholic hepatitis

Katharina Brandl et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2018)

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Fecal Microbiota Transplant From a Rational Stool Donor Improves Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Jasmohan S. Bajaj et al.

HEPATOLOGY (2017)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Treatment efficacy of a probiotic preparation for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A pilot trial

Elina Manzhalii et al.

JOURNAL OF DIGESTIVE DISEASES (2017)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Prophylactic tributyrin treatment mitigates chronic-binge ethanol-induced intestinal barrier and liver injury

Gail A. Cresci et al.

JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2017)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Effects of Probiotics on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Children and Adolescents

Fatemeh Famouri et al.

JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION (2017)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

Microbiome, trimethylamine N-oxide, and CmssMark cardiometabolic disease

W. H. Wilson Tang et al.

TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH (2017)

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Oral epithelial cells orchestrate innate type 17 responses to Candida albicans through the virulence factor candidalysin

Akash H. Verma et al.

SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY (2017)

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Article Cell Biology

Gut Microbiome-Based Metagenomic Signature for Non-invasive Detection of Advanced Fibrosis in Human Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Rohit Loomba et al.

CELL METABOLISM (2017)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Exposure to bacterial products lipopolysaccharide and flagellin and hepatocellular carcinoma: a nested case-control study

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BMC MEDICINE (2017)

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Intestinal microbiota contributes to individual susceptibility to alcoholic liver disease

M. Llopis et al.

GUT (2016)

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Article Microbiology

Intestinal REG3 Lectins Protect against Alcoholic Steatohepatitis by Reducing Mucosa-Associated Microbiota and Preventing Bacterial Translocation

Lirui Wang et al.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2016)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Use of Antibiotics Among Patients With Cirrhosis and Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Is Associated With Reduced Mortality

Andrew M. Moon et al.

CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2016)

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Mouse and Human Liver Contain Immunoglobulin A-Secreting Cells Originating From Peyer's Patches and Directed Against Intestinal Antigens

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Genetic Factors That Affect Risk of Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Quentin M. Anstee et al.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2016)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Loss of Junctional Adhesion Molecule A Promotes Severe Steatohepatitis in Mice on a Diet High in Saturated Fat, Fructose, and Cholesterol

Khalidur Rahman et al.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2016)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Sequence-based methods for detecting and evaluating the human gut mycobiome

M. J. Suhr et al.

LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY (2016)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Revised Estimates for the Number of Human and Bacteria Cells in the Body

Ron Sender et al.

PLOS BIOLOGY (2016)

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Bile Acids and Dysbiosis in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Marialena Mouzaki et al.

PLOS ONE (2016)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Formation of short chain fatty acids by the gut microbiota and their impact on human metabolism

Douglas J. Morrison et al.

GUT MICROBES (2016)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Bile Acids as Hormones: The FXR-FGF15/19 Pathway

Steven A. Kliewer et al.

DIGESTIVE DISEASES (2015)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Altered Bile Acid Metabolome in Patients with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

Brian C. Ferslew et al.

DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES (2015)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Commensal microbiota is hepatoprotective and prevents liver fibrosis in mice

Magdalena Mazagova et al.

FASEB JOURNAL (2015)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Intestinal FXR agonism promotes adipose tissue browning and reduces obesity and insulin resistance

Sungsoon Fang et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2015)

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Alcohol Induced Alterations to the Human Fecal VOC Metabolome

Robin D. Couch et al.

PLOS ONE (2015)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The composition of the gut microbiota shapes the colon mucus barrier

Hedvig E. Jakobsson et al.

EMBO REPORTS (2015)

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Intestinal farnesoid X receptor signaling promotes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Changtao Jiang et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2015)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Hepatic Injury in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Contributes to Altered Intestinal Permeability

Jay Luther et al.

CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2015)

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Intestinal permeability, gut-bacterial dysbiosis, and behavioral markers of alcohol-dependence severity

Sophie Leclercq et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2014)

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The gut microbiota influences blood-brain barrier permeability in mice

Viorica Braniste et al.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2014)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Characterization of Gut Microbiomes in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Patients: A Connection Between Endogenous Alcohol and NASH

Lixin Zhu et al.

HEPATOLOGY (2013)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Modulation of the fecal bile acid profile by gut microbiota in cirrhosis

Genta Kakiyama et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2013)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Obesity-induced gut microbial metabolite promotes liver cancer through senescence secretome

Shin Yoshimoto et al.

NATURE (2013)

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Metabolites produced by commensal bacteria promote peripheral regulatory T-cell generation

Nicholas Arpaia et al.

NATURE (2013)

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Article Oncology

Promotion of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by the Intestinal Microbiota and TLR4

Dianne H. Dapito et al.

CANCER CELL (2012)

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Inflammasome-mediated dysbiosis regulates progression of NAFLD and obesity

Jorge Henao-Mejia et al.

NATURE (2012)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Enterococcus faecalis Metalloprotease Compromises Epithelial Barrier and Contributes to Intestinal Inflammation

Natalie Steck et al.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2011)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The human gut virome: Inter-individual variation and dynamic response to diet

Samuel Minot et al.

GENOME RESEARCH (2011)

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Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease

Zeneng Wang et al.

NATURE (2011)

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Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome

Manimozhiyan Arumugam et al.

NATURE (2011)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The Antibacterial Lectin RegIIIγ Promotes the Spatial Segregation of Microbiota and Host in the Intestine

Shipra Vaishnava et al.

SCIENCE (2011)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Endotoxin Accumulation Prevents Carcinogen-Induced Apoptosis and Promotes Liver Tumorigenesis in Rodents

Le-Xing Yu et al.

HEPATOLOGY (2010)

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A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing

Junjie Qin et al.

NATURE (2010)

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Review Immunology

Intestinal mucosal barrier function in health and disease

Jerrold R. Turner

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2009)

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The inner of the two Muc2 mucin-dependent mucus layers in colon is devoid of bacteria

Malin E. V. Johansson et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2008)

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An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest

Peter J. Turnbaugh et al.

NATURE (2006)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Regulation of antibacterial defense in the small intestine by the nuclear bile acid receptor

T Inagaki et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2006)

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Fibroblast growth factor 15 functions as an enterohepatic signal to regulate bile acid homeostasis

T Inagaki et al.

CELL METABOLISM (2005)

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Diversity of the human intestinal microbial flora

PB Eckburg et al.

SCIENCE (2005)

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The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage

F Bäckhed et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2004)

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Two-component regulator of Enterococcus faecalis cytolysin responds to quorum-sensing autoinduction

W Haas et al.

NATURE (2002)

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