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Roles of the gut microbiome in weight management

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2023)

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Bacteroides uniformis and its preferred substrate, α- cyclodextrin, enhance endurance exercise performance in mice and human males

Hiroto Morita et al.

Summary: A cross-sectional study found a correlation between Bacteroides uniformis abundance in feces and the 3000-m race time in long-distance runners. Alpha-cyclodextrin supplementation improved endurance exercise performance in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Administration of B. uniformis in mice increased swimming time, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and gene expression associated with gluconeogenesis in the liver.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2023)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

A posteriori dietary patterns better explain variations of the gut microbiome than individual markers in the American Gut Project

Aurelie Cotillard et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that dietary patterns are more strongly associated with gut microbiome variations than individual dietary features. Prudent-like diets, such as plant-based and flexitarian diets, are associated with higher Healthy Eating Index scores and healthier gut microbiome profiles. Western-like diets, on the other hand, are associated with lower gut microbiome diversity and lower relative abundance of Bifidobacterium.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION (2022)

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Article Microbiology

The Mouse Gastrointestinal Bacteria Catalogue enables translation between the mouse and human gut microbiotas via functional mapping

Benjamin S. Beresford-Jones et al.

Summary: This study constructed the Mouse Gastrointestinal Bacteria Catalogue (MGBC) to identify functionally equivalent taxa between the gut microbiotas of humans and mice. It also provided a publicly deposited collection of bacterial isolates to facilitate experimental investigation of individual commensal bacteria functions.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2022)

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Article Microbiology

Global, distinctive, and personal changes in molecular and microbial profiles by specific fibers in humans

Samuel M. Lancaster et al.

Summary: Dietary fibers play a role in improving cardiovascular health, preventing metabolic disorders and cancer through their impact on the microbiome. This study examined the effects of different types of fibers on various markers, including metabolomics, lipidomics, proteomics, metagenomics, cytokine panel, and clinical measurements. Each fiber showed fiber-dependent biochemical and microbial responses. Arabinoxylan (AX) intake was associated with reduced LDL and increased bile acids, contributing to cholesterol reduction. Long-chain inulin (LCI) intake led to an increase in Bifidobacterium, but at high doses, it also caused inflammation and elevated liver enzyme levels. This study provides insights into the mechanisms of fiber-induced cholesterol reduction and the effects of individual fibers on the microbiome.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Randomized Controlled-Feeding Study of Dietary Emulsifier Carboxymethylcellulose Reveals Detrimental Impacts on the Gut Microbiota and Metabolome

Benoit Chassaing et al.

Summary: In healthy adults, consumption of the synthetic emulsifier CMC was found to exacerbate postprandial abdominal discomfort, disrupt gut microbiota and metabolome composition, leading to reduced diversity, and possibly contributing to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The gut microbiome influences host diet selection behavior

Brian K. Trevelline et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that the gut microbiome can influence host diet selection behavior by mediating the availability of essential amino acids, revealing a mechanism by which gut microbiota can regulate host foraging behavior.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2022)

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Gut microbiota-bile acid crosstalk contributes to the rebound weight gain after calorie restriction in mice

Mengci Li et al.

Summary: This study found that caloric restriction reduces the abundance of Parabacteroides distasonis in the gut and alters serum bile acid profile, which contributes to weight regain. Treatment with Parabacteroides distasonis or non-12 alpha-hydroxylated bile acids can ameliorate weight regain through increased thermogenesis.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

Gut microbiota predicts body fat change following a low-energy diet: a PREVIEW intervention study

Ching Jian et al.

Summary: This study investigated the changes in the gut microbiota during a total meal replacement LED and found that these changes were associated with weight and fat changes in individuals with overweight and pre-diabetes. Additionally, the baseline gut microbiota was able to predict total body fat change during the energy restriction period.

GENOME MEDICINE (2022)

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Akkermansia muciniphila phospholipid induces homeostatic immune responses

Munhyung Bae et al.

Summary: This study identifies a lipid molecule from Akkermansia muciniphila's cell membrane that exhibits immunomodulatory activity through the Toll-like receptor TLR2-TLR1 pathway. The findings provide molecular insights into the role of Akkermansia muciniphila in regulating immune balance and its impact on health and disease.

NATURE (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Personalized microbiome-driven effects of non-nutritive sweeteners on human glucose tolerance

Jotham Suez et al.

Summary: This study found that the consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) may alter the microbiome and glycemic responses in humans. Different NNS had distinct effects on the microbiome and glycemic responses, with saccharin and sucralose significantly impairing glycemic responses. Additionally, when NNS were supplemented to mice, the glycemic responses reflected those in respective human donors and were influenced by microbial signals.

CELL (2022)

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Heterogeneity in statin responses explained by variation in the human gut microbiome

Tomasz Wilmanski et al.

Summary: The composition of the gut microbiome is associated with patient responses to statin therapy. Specific microbiome compositions are related to the therapeutic effects and adverse reactions of statins. Further research may help utilize gut microbiome monitoring for precision statin treatment.

MED (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Effects of Diet-Modulated Autologous Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Weight Regain

Ehud Rinott et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of diet-modulated autologous fecal microbiota transplantation (aFMT) for treatment of weight regain after the weight-loss phase. The results showed that in the green-Mediterranean diet group, aFMT significantly reduced weight regain and waist circumference gain, improved insulin rebound, and induced significant changes in gut microbiome composition. The green-Mediterranean diet also preserved weight-loss-associated specific bacteria and microbial metabolic pathways after the aFMT procedure.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Microbiome connections with host metabolism and habitual diet from 1,098 deeply phenotyped individuals

Francesco Asnicar et al.

Summary: The gut microbiome is influenced by diet and has significant associations with nutrients, foods, and overall dietary habits, impacting host metabolism and cardiovascular disease risk. Certain microbial species are indicators of favorable postprandial glucose metabolism, while overall microbiome composition can predict a range of cardiometabolic blood markers.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Microbiology

High-dose saccharin supplementation does not induce gut microbiota changes or glucose intolerance in healthy humans and mice

Joan Serrano et al.

Summary: The study found that short-term consumption of maximum acceptable levels of saccharin does not alter gut microbiota or induce glucose intolerance in apparently healthy humans and mice.

MICROBIOME (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The human microbiome encodes resistance to the antidiabetic drug acarbose

Jared Balaich et al.

Summary: Bacteria in the microbiome can selectively phosphorylate the anti-diabetic drug acarbose, providing their host with a protective advantage. This resistance to acarbose is widespread in microbiomes of different human populations.

NATURE (2021)

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Microbial Regulation of Host Physiology by Short-chain Fatty Acids

Bart van der Hee et al.

Summary: The ancestral diet had more fiber, while modern society's diet lacks it. SCFAs produced by gut bacteria fermenting fiber play a crucial role in intestinal homeostasis and the pathophysiology of human diseases. SCFAs can also impact tissues and organs beyond the gut through blood circulation, inducing epigenetic changes in the genome.

TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Immunology

Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotics in Gut Inflammation: A Door to the Body

Fernanda Cristofori et al.

Summary: The digestive tract is a key site for microbial colonization, playing a vital role in maintaining host immune homeostasis. The interaction between gut microbiota/probiotics and the immune system can modulate inflammatory responses and prevent unnecessary activation of the immune system, offering potential therapeutic benefits.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Effects of Probiotics and Synbiotics on Weight Loss in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review

Valentina Alvarez-Arrano et al.

Summary: Intestinal microbiota plays a potential role in obesity development. Probiotics and synbiotics intake can lead to significant weight loss, with specific strains like Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium showing the best results. These findings suggest that probiotics and synbiotics have the potential to aid in weight reduction in overweight and obese populations.

NUTRIENTS (2021)

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Host-microbial interactions in the metabolism of different dietary fats

Katia S. Chadaideh et al.

Summary: Dietary fats can have different metabolic effects due to interactions with the gut microbiome, affecting digestion, energy gain, and inflammation. Incorporating host-microbial interactions into energetic models of human nutrition provides greater insight into the mechanisms of diet-induced metabolic diseases.

CELL METABOLISM (2021)

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Autologous fecal microbiota transplantation can retain the metabolic achievements of dietary interventions

Ehud Rinott et al.

Summary: The study found that during autologous fecal microbiota transplantation treatment, patients were able to maintain metabolic benefits achieved during the weight loss phase, including stability in weight, blood sugar, and blood lipids.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Blue poo: impact of gut transit time on the gut microbiome using a novel marker

Francesco Asnicar et al.

Summary: The study found that the taxonomic composition of the gut microbiome can accurately differentiate between gut transit time classes, with longer transit time being associated with specific microbial species. The blue dye method of measuring gut transit time showed a stronger association with the gut microbiome compared to traditional proxies like stool consistency and frequency.

GUT (2021)

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A Microbiota-Directed Food Intervention for Undernourished Children

Robert Y. Chen et al.

Summary: The study found that providing a microbiota-directed complementary food prototype (MDCF-2) to children with moderate acute malnutrition in Bangladeshi slums showed positive effects on growth, particularly in weight-for-length and weight-for-age z scores, with changes in plasma proteins related to bone growth and neurodevelopment. These findings suggest that targeted manipulation of microbiota components may be linked to growth outcomes in children with moderate acute malnutrition.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences

Gut microbiota through an evolutionary lens

Rachel N. Carmody et al.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Akkermansia muciniphila secretes a glucagon-like peptide-1-inducing protein that improves glucose homeostasis and ameliorates metabolic disease in mice

Hyo Shin Yoon et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that Akkermansia muciniphila increases thermogenesis and GLP-1 secretion in mice by inducing uncoupling protein 1. A protein secreted by A. muciniphila, P9, interacts with ICAM-2 and can target metabolic diseases. This interaction could be a potential therapeutic target for such diseases.

NATURE MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Microbiology

High-Fiber, Whole-Food Dietary Intervention Alters the Human Gut Microbiome but Not Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids

Andrew Oliver et al.

Summary: The study conducted a 2-week dietary fiber intervention, which showed that increasing fiber intake can significantly alter the composition of individual gut microbiomes, including increasing the abundance of known fiber-degrading microbes.

MSYSTEMS (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Microbiomes and Childhood Malnutrition: What Is the Evidence?

Michelle K. McGuire et al.

Summary: Both undernutrition and overnutrition are ongoing global health crises, with evidence suggesting a bidirectional relationship between variation in the gastrointestinal microbiome and malnutrition risk. Understanding the complex interactions between GI microbiomes and nutritional status is crucial for addressing the double burden of malnutrition.

ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Microbial exposure during early human development primes fetal immune cells

Archita Mishra et al.

Summary: During the 2nd trimester of gestation, microbial signals were detected in fetal gut, skin, placenta, and lungs, contributing to fetal immune-priming. Live bacterial strains, including Staphylococcus and Lactobacillus, were identified in fetal tissues, activating memory T cells in the fetal mesenteric lymph node.

CELL (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Gut-microbiota-targeted diets modulate human immune status

Hannah C. Wastyk et al.

Summary: This study investigated the effects of plant-based fiber and fermented foods on the human microbiome and immune system, finding that a high-fiber diet increased glycan-degrading carbohydrate active enzymes while a high-fermented-food diet increased microbiome diversity and decreased inflammatory markers. The data suggest that coupling dietary interventions with immune and microbiome profiling can provide personalized and populationwide insights, with fermented foods potentially valuable in countering decreased microbiome diversity and increased inflammation in industrialized societies.

CELL (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Caloric restriction disrupts the microbiota and colonization resistance

Reiner Jumpertz von Schwartzenberg et al.

Summary: This study highlights the significant impact of diet on shaping the gut microbiome and influencing host metabolism. Restriction of calories led to changes in bacterial abundance and microbial composition, affecting nutrient absorption and resulting in metabolic phenotypes in mice. Further research is needed to understand the complex interactions between diet, microbiome, and host health.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Fecal microbial transplantation and fiber supplementation in patients with severe obesity and metabolic syndrome: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial

Valentin Mocanu et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that a single-dose oral FMT combined with daily low-fermentable fiber supplementation significantly improved insulin sensitivity in patients with severe obesity and metabolic syndrome.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Akkermansia muciniphila Exerts Strain-Specific Effects on DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice

Qing Liu et al.

Summary: The study verified the significant protective effect of A. muciniphila strain FSDLZ36M5 against ulcerative colitis, while other strains showed no significant effects and even tended to exacerbate inflammation. Gut microbiota sequencing demonstrated that supplementation with FSDLZ36M5 restored the gut microbiota of mice to a similar state to that of the control group.

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Roux-en-Y gastric bypass-induced bacterial perturbation contributes to altered host-bacterial co-metabolic phenotype

Jia V. Li et al.

Summary: Bariatric surgery, especially Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), has a significant impact on the metabolism and gut microbiota of patients, leading to changes in metabolites and bacterial composition that are associated with successful weight loss and metabolic improvements. Further research is needed to understand the functional clinical outcomes of these metabolic changes.

MICROBIOME (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Microbiomes and Childhood Malnutrition: What Is the Evidence?

Michelle K. McGuire et al.

Summary: The variation in gastrointestinal microbiome is associated with the risks of malnutrition and obesity, which are influenced by genetic, environmental, dietary, and cultural factors. Studying the differences in microbiome among individuals like siblings can provide insights into this association.

ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM (2021)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Investigating causality with fecal microbiota transplantation in rodents: applications, recommendations and pitfalls

Cassandra E. Gheorghe et al.

Summary: Research on the role of gut microbiota in health and diseases has significantly increased in recent years. While fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is beneficial in understanding this role, lack of standardization and careful experimental design are required for optimal results. Various methodological questions remain unanswered, but common pitfalls can be avoided through careful consideration in study design.

GUT MICROBES (2021)

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Genomic diversity and ecology of human-associated Akkermansia species in the gut microbiome revealed by extensive metagenomic assembly

Nicolai Karcher et al.

Summary: This study reveals a large phylogenetic and functional diversity of the Akkermansia genus in humans, with Akkermansia muciniphila exhibiting important ecological and functional variations in the human gut.

GENOME BIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Immunology

Early life microbial exposures and allergy risks: opportunities for prevention

Harald Renz et al.

Summary: Allergies, including asthma, food allergy, and atopic dermatitis, are on the rise in western countries, with lifestyle changes due to modernization playing a significant role. Factors such as caesarean delivery, early antibiotic use, a westernized diet, obesity, and changes in indoor and outdoor activities can impact the formation of a diverse microbiota, which in turn influences immune responses.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Gut microbes participate in food preference alterations during obesity

Alice de Wouters d'Oplinter et al.

Summary: The dysregulation of hedonic food intake during obesity is found to be transferable through gut microbiota transplantation, along with a positive correlation between HFHS intake and Parabacteroides. Depletion of gut microbiota using antibiotics also alters food intake, highlighting the key roles played by gut microbes in regulating food intake.

GUT MICROBES (2021)

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Negative Effects of a High-Fat Diet on Intestinal Permeability: A Review

Michael W. Rohr et al.

ADVANCES IN NUTRITION (2020)

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Gut Microbiome Fermentation Determines the Efficacy of Exercise for Diabetes Prevention

Yan Liu et al.

CELL METABOLISM (2020)

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Establishing or Exaggerating Causality for the Gut Microbiome: Lessons from Human Microbiota-Associated Rodents

Jens Walter et al.

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Precision Microbiome Modulation with Discrete Dietary Fiber Structures Directs Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production

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Supplementation with Akkermansia muciniphila in overweight and obese human volunteers: a proof-of-concept exploratory study

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Meta-omics analysis of elite athletes identifies a performance-enhancing microbe that functions via lactate metabolism

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Roux-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy directly change gut microbiota composition independent of surgery type

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Gut bacteria selectively promoted by dietary fibers alleviate type 2 diabetes

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Xia Zhao et al.

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Short-Chain Fatty Acids Differentially Affect Intracellular Lipolysis in a Human White Adipocyte Model

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FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY (2018)

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Article Microbiology

A Prospective Metagenomic and Metabolomic Analysis of the Impact of Exercise and/or Whey Protein Supplementation on the Gut Microbiome of Sedentary Adults

Owen Cronin et al.

MSYSTEMS (2018)

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Extensive impact of non-antibiotic drugs on human gut bacteria

Lisa Maier et al.

NATURE (2018)

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Stunted childhood growth is associated with decompartmentalization of the gastrointestinal tract and overgrowth of oropharyngeal taxa

Pascale Vonaesch et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2018)

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Commensal microbiota induces colonic barrier structure and functions that contribute to homeostasis

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2018)

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Fecal microbiota transplantation confers beneficial metabolic effects of diet and exercise on diet-induced obese mice

Zi-Lun Lai et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2018)

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Six-Week Endurance Exercise Alters Gut Metagenome That Is not Reflected in Systemic Metabolism in Over-weight Women

Eveliina Munukka et al.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2018)

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A purified membrane protein from Akkermansia muciniphila or the pasteurized bacterium improves metabolism in obese and diabetic mice

Hubert Plovier et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2017)

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Saccharin induced liver inflammation in mice by altering the gut microbiota and its metabolic functions

Xiaoming Bian et al.

FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY (2017)

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Gut microbiome diversity and high-fibre intake are related to lower long-term weight gain

C. Menni et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY (2017)

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The evolution of the host microbiome as an ecosystem on a leash

Kevin R. Foster et al.

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Metformin alters the gut microbiome of individuals with treatment-naive type 2 diabetes, contributing to the therapeutic effects of the drug

Hao Wu et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2017)

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The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics

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Dietary Uncoupling of Gut Microbiota and Energy Harvesting from Obesity and Glucose Tolerance in Mice

Matthew J. Dalby et al.

CELL REPORTS (2017)

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Commensal bacteria and essential amino acids control food choice behavior and reproduction

Ricardo Leitao-Goncalves et al.

PLOS BIOLOGY (2017)

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Community characteristics of the gut microbiomes of competitive cyclists

Lauren M. Petersen et al.

MICROBIOME (2017)

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Effects of Acarbose on the Gut Microbiota of Prediabetic Patients: A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Crossover Trial

Xiuying Zhang et al.

DIABETES THERAPY (2017)

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Effects of Acarbose on the Gut Microbiota of Prediabetic Patients: A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Crossover Trial

Xiuying Zhang et al.

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Differences in gut microbiota profile between women with active lifestyle and sedentary women

Carlo Bressa et al.

PLOS ONE (2017)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Is consuming yoghurt associated with weight management outcomes? Results from a systematic review

J. Eales et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY (2016)

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From Dietary Fiber to Host Physiology: Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Key Bacterial Metabolites

Ara Koh et al.

CELL (2016)

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Reprogramming of hepatic fat accumulation and 'browning' of adipose tissue by the short-chain fatty acid acetate

M. Sahuri-Arisoylu et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY (2016)

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Persistent microbiome alterations modulate the rate of post-dieting weight regain

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NATURE (2016)

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Diet-induced extinctions in the gut microbiota compound over generations

Erica D. Sonnenburg et al.

NATURE (2016)

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Review Microbiology

The microbial pharmacists within us: a metagenomic view of xenobiotic metabolism

Peter Spanogiannopoulos et al.

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2016)

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Persistent Metabolic Adaptation 6 Years After The Biggest Loser Competition

Erin Fothergill et al.

OBESITY (2016)

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Population-based metagenomics analysis reveals markers for gut microbiome composition and diversity

Alexandra Zhernakova et al.

SCIENCE (2016)

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Population-level analysis of gut microbiome variation

Gwen Falony et al.

SCIENCE (2016)

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Predictors of weight regain in patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery

Prapimporn Chattranukulchai Shantavasinkula et al.

SURGERY FOR OBESITY AND RELATED DISEASES (2016)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Emerging Technologies for Gut Microbiome Research

Jason W. Arnold et al.

TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2016)

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Cardiorespiratory fitness as a predictor of intestinal microbial diversity and distinct metagenomic functions

Mehrbod Estaki et al.

MICROBIOME (2016)

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Short Chain Fatty Acids Prevent High-fat-diet-induced Obesity in Mice by Regulating G Protein-coupled Receptors and Gut Microbiota

Yuanyuan Lu et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2016)

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Indigenous Bacteria from the Gut Microbiota Regulate Host Serotonin Biosynthesis

Jessica M. Yano et al.

CELL (2015)

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Personalized Nutrition by Prediction of Glycemic Responses

David Zeevi et al.

CELL (2015)

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Diet Dominates Host Genotype in Shaping the Murine Gut Microbiota

Rachel N. Carmody et al.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2015)

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Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Vertical Banded Gastroplasty InduceLong-Term Changes on the Human Gut Microbiome Contributing to Fat Mass Regulation

Valentina Tremaroli et al.

CELL METABOLISM (2015)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Short-Chain Fatty Acids Protect Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via a PPAR-Dependent Switch From Lipogenesis to Fat Oxidation

Gijs den Besten et al.

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Voluntary and forced exercise differentially alters the gut microbiome in C57BL/6J mice

Jacob M. Allen et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY (2015)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Use of Germ-Free Animal Models in Microbiota-Related Research

Maha Al-Asmakh et al.

JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2015)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Weight regaining: From statistics and behaviors to physiology and metabolism

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Dietary emulsifiers impact the mouse gut microbiota promoting colitis and metabolic syndrome

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Disentangling type 2 diabetes and metformin treatment signatures in the human gut microbiota

Kristoffer Forslund et al.

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Probiotics for weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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NUTRITION RESEARCH (2015)

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Linear growth faltering in infants is associated with Acidaminococcus sp and community-level changes in the gut microbiota

Ethan K. Gough et al.

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Effects of targeted delivery of propionate to the human colon on appetite regulation, body weight maintenance and adiposity in overweight adults

Edward S. Chambers et al.

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The short chain fatty acid propionate stimulates GLP-1 and PYY secretion via free fatty acid receptor 2 in rodents

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OPINION Antibiotics in early life and obesity

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Is eating behavior manipulated by the gastrointestinal microbiota? Evolutionary pressures and potential mechanisms

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Altering the Intestinal Microbiota during a Critical Developmental Window Has Lasting Metabolic Consequences

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Microbiota-Generated Metabolites Promote Metabolic Benefits via Gut-Brain Neural Circuits

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CELL (2014)

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Bile acids and the gut microbiome

Jason M. Ridlon et al.

CURRENT OPINION IN GASTROENTEROLOGY (2014)

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Exercise and associated dietary extremes impact on gut microbial diversity

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GUT (2014)

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Diet and exercise orthogonally alter the gut microbiome and reveal independent associations with anxiety and cognition

Silvia S. Kang et al.

MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION (2014)

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Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome

Lawrence A. David et al.

NATURE (2014)

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Persistent gut microbiota immaturity in malnourished Bangladeshi children

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Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota

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The short-chain fatty acid acetate reduces appetite via a central homeostatic mechanism

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Host lifestyle affects human microbiota on daily timescales

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Association of germ-free mice with a simplified human intestinal microbiota results in a shortened intestine

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GUT MICROBES (2014)

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Gut microbiota after gastric bypass in human obesity: increased richness and associations of bacterial genera with adipose tissue genes

Ling-Chun Kong et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION (2013)

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Transgenerational effects of prenatal exposure to the 1944-45 Dutch famine

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The impoverished gut-a triple burden of diarrhoea, stunting and chronic disease

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NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2013)

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Gut Microbiomes of Malawian Twin Pairs Discordant for Kwashiorkor

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SCIENCE (2013)

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Predicting and Manipulating Cardiac Drug Inactivation by the Human Gut Bacterium Eggerthella lenta

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Conserved Shifts in the Gut Microbiota Due to Gastric Bypass Reduce Host Weight and Adiposity

Alice P. Liou et al.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2013)

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Up-regulation of intestinal type 1 taste receptor 3 and sodium glucose luminal transporter-1 expression and increased sucrose intake in mice lacking gut microbiota

T. D. Swartz et al.

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Host Remodeling of the Gut Microbiome and Metabolic Changes during Pregnancy

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Microbiota Regulate Intestinal Absorption and Metabolism of Fatty Acids in the Zebrafish

Ivana Semova et al.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2012)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Short-Chain Fatty Acids Stimulate Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretion via the G-Protein-Coupled Receptor FFAR2

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Metabolic Slowing with Massive Weight Loss despite Preservation of Fat-Free Mass

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Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota

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Increased Oral Detection, but Decreased Intestinal Signaling for Fats in Mice Lacking Gut Microbiota

Frank A. Duca et al.

PLOS ONE (2012)

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Colon Transit Time According to Physical Activity Level in Adults

Bong Kil Song et al.

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Voluntary wheel running increases bile acid as well as cholesterol excretion and decreases atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice

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Exercise-Induced Splanchnic Hypoperfusion Results in Gut Dysfunction in Healthy Men

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PLOS ONE (2011)

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Energetic consequences of thermal and nonthermal food processing

Rachel N. Carmody et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2011)

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γδ intraepithelial lymphocytes are essential mediators of host-microbial homeostasis at the intestinal mucosal surface

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2011)

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Normal gut microbiota modulates brain development and behavior

Rochellys Diaz Heijtza et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2011)

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Linking Long-Term Dietary Patterns with Gut Microbial Enterotypes

Gary D. Wu et al.

SCIENCE (2011)

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Freewheel training decreases pro- and increases anti-inflammatory cytokine expression in mouse intestinal lymphocytes

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BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY (2010)

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Endotoxin levels correlate positively with a sedentary lifestyle and negatively with highly trained subjects

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LIPIDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE (2010)

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Metabolic Syndrome and Altered Gut Microbiota in Mice Lacking Toll-Like Receptor 5

Matam Vijay-Kumar et al.

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Alleviating Cancer Drug Toxicity by Inhibiting a Bacterial Enzyme

Bret D. Wallace et al.

SCIENCE (2010)

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Butyrate Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Increases Energy Expenditure in Mice

Zhanguo Gao et al.

DIABETES (2009)

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Acetic Acid Upregulates the Expression of Genes for Fatty Acid Oxidation Enzymes in Liver To Suppress Body Fat Accumulation

Tomoo Kondo et al.

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY (2009)

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Review Anthropology

The energetic significance of cooking

Rachel N. Carmody et al.

JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION (2009)

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Article Cell Biology

The Effect of Diet on the Human Gut Microbiome: A Metagenomic Analysis in Humanized Gnotobiotic Mice

Peter J. Turnbaugh et al.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2009)

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Meeting Abstract Endocrinology & Metabolism

SIRT1 Knockout Leads to Angiogenesis Deficiency in Adipose Tissue through Macrophage Dysfunction

Fen Xu et al.

DIABETES (2009)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Voluntary running exercise alters microbiota composition and increases n-butyrate concentration in the rat cecum

Megumi Matsumoto et al.

BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY (2008)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

The Microbes of the Intestine: An Introduction to Their Metabolic and Signaling Capabilities

William W. L. Hsiao et al.

ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (2008)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance

Patrice D. Cani et al.

DIABETES (2007)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest

Peter J. Turnbaugh et al.

NATURE (2006)

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Inflammation and metabolic disorders

Goekhan S. Hotamisligil

NATURE (2006)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Acetate and propionate short chain fatty acids stimulate adipogenesis via GPCR43

YH Hong et al.

ENDOCRINOLOGY (2005)

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The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage

F Bäckhed et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2004)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Targeted disruption of the nuclear receptor FXR/BAR impairs bile acid and lipid homeostasis

CJ Sinal et al.

CELL (2000)

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