Multifunctional Metasurfaces Enabled by Multifold Geometric Phase Interference

Geometric phase is frequently used in artificially designedmetasurfaces;it is typically used only once in reported works, leading to conjugateresponses of two spins. Supercells containing multiple nanoantennascan break this limitation by introducing more degrees of freedom togenerate new modulation capabilities. Here, we provide a method forconstructing supercells for geometric phases using triple rotations,each of which achieves a specific modulation function. The physicalmeaning of each rotation is revealed by stepwise superposition. Basedon this idea, spin-selective holography, nanoprinting, and their hybriddisplays are demonstrated. As a typical application, we have designeda metalens that enables spin-selective transmission, allowing forhigh-quality imaging with only one spin state, which can serve asa plug-and-play chiral detection device. Finally, we analyzed howthe size of supercells and the phase distribution inside it can affectthe higher order diffraction, which may help in designing supercellsfor different scenarios.

Automated summary

This study presents a method for constructing supercells with triple rotations to generate geometric phases and achieve multi-degree modulation capabilities. The physical meaning of each rotation is revealed through stepwise superposition, and spin-selective holography, nanoprinting, and hybrid displays are demonstrated. A spin-selective metalens is designed to enable high-quality imaging with only one spin state, serving as a plug-and-play chiral detection device. The influence of supercell size and phase distribution on higher order diffraction is analyzed for designing supercells in different scenarios.