Efficient Meta-couplers Squeezing Propagating Light into On-Chip Subwavelength Devices in a Controllable Way

On-chip photonic systems play crucial roles in nanoscience and nanoapplications, but coupling external light to these subwavelength devices is challenging due to a large mode mismatch. Here, we establish a new scheme for realizing highly miniaturized couplers for efficiently exciting on-chip photonic devices in a controllable way. Relying on both resonant and Pancharatnam-Berry mechanisms, our meta-device can couple circularly polarized light to a surface plasmon, which is then focused into a spot placed with a target on-chip device. We experimentally demonstrate two metacouplers. The first can excite an on-chip waveguide (with a 0.1 & lambda; x 0.2 & lambda; cross section) with an absolute efficiency of 51%, while the second can achieve incident spin-selective excitation of a dual-waveguide system. Backgroundfree excitation of a gap-plasmon nanocavity with the local field enhanced by >1000 times is numerically demonstrated. Such a scheme connects efficiently propagating light in free space and localized fields in on-chip devices, being highly favored in many integration-optics applications.

Automated summary

This study establishes a new scheme for realizing highly miniaturized couplers to efficiently excite on-chip photonic devices. By utilizing both resonant and Pancharatnam-Berry mechanisms, the meta-device can couple circularly polarized light to a surface plasmon and focus it onto a target on-chip device. Experimental results demonstrate the high efficiency of this scheme in exciting on-chip waveguides and dual-waveguide systems.