Skin Pigmentation Types, Causes and Treatment-A Review

Human skin pigmentation and melanin synthesis are incredibly variable, and are impacted by genetics, UV exposure, and some drugs. Patients' physical appearance, psychological health, and social functioning are all impacted by a sizable number of skin conditions that cause pigmentary abnormalities. Hyperpigmentation, where pigment appears to overflow, and hypopigmentation, where pigment is reduced, are the two major classifications of skin pigmentation. Albinism, melasma, vitiligo, Addison's disease, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, which can be brought on by eczema, acne vulgaris, and drug interactions, are the most common skin pigmentation disorders in clinical practice. Anti-inflammatory medications, antioxidants, and medications that inhibit tyrosinase, which prevents the production of melanin, are all possible treatments for pigmentation problems. Skin pigmentation can be treated orally and topically with medications, herbal remedies, and cosmetic products, but a doctor should always be consulted before beginning any new medicine or treatment plan. This review article explores the numerous types of pigmentation problems, their causes, and treatments, as well as the 25 plants, 4 marine species, and 17 topical and oral medications now on the market that have been clinically tested to treat skin diseases.

Automated summary

Human skin pigmentation and melanin synthesis are highly variable and influenced by genetics, UV exposure, and certain drugs. Skin conditions that cause pigmentary abnormalities can impact patients' physical appearance, psychological health, and social functioning. Hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation are the major classifications of skin pigmentation. The most common clinical skin pigmentation disorders include albinism, melasma, vitiligo, Addison's disease, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Treatment options for pigmentation problems include anti-inflammatory medications, antioxidants, and tyrosinase inhibitors. This review article discusses the different types of pigmentation problems, their causes, and treatments, as well as the clinically tested plants, marine species, and medications available for treating skin diseases.